国家科学院治理理论研究——基于默顿科学社会学的视角

Research on Governance Theory of the National Academy of Sciences:From the Perspective of Merton Sociology of Science

以默顿科学社会学的核心观点为理论依据,结合治理思维对国家科学院的治理理论进行分析。主要结论:首先,国家科学院治理的基础是自主性,并借助科学规范与法律体系作为治理机制,实现科技的创新与传播,治理要义在于如何高效安排组织内的学术权力与行政权力,强而独立的学术权力和弱而规范的行政权力是较为理想的博弈结果;其次,我国国家科学院在治理过程中表现出治理资源较为集中化与显著的行政型治理特征;再次,尽管默顿学派的诸多理论饱受诟病,但其核心观点却构成现代科学院治理理论的基础,仍旧是研究科学建制的有效理论工具。

This paper systematically analyzes the theory of national academy of sciences based on the core opinions of sociology of science and combined with governance thought. The main conclusions are as follows: Firstly, the basis of national academy of sciences is independent, which relies on the science norms and laws as the governance mechanism to efficiently achieve the innovation and dissemination, the key point of governance is how to arrange the academic power and administrative power in the organization, relatively, the strong and independence academic power and weak but normative administrative power is an ideal gambling result. Secondly, in the process of governance, the national academy of sciences of China shows the relatively concentrated and remarkable administrative governance characteristics of governance resources. Thirdly, although Merton School gets some criticism, the core of its idea consists of the basic theory of modern national academy of science governance, and is still our efficient tool for studying the science and science institution.