环境民事公益诉讼原告资格的破与立——法律拟制的程序中利益主体

Elimination and establishment of plaintiff qualification in environmental civil interest litigation: interest owner in program through legal drafting

我国环境民事公益诉讼制度不断发展完善,但关于原告资格争议不断。原告资格与民事诉讼中诉的利益、诉权理论、处分原则和两造平等存在冲突。学界提出担当人说、补位说、程序当事人说、代表人说和代理人说等理论,试图调和冲突。然而环境民事公益诉讼的原告资格本质上是法律拟制的程序中利益主体,法律拟制遵循拟制法定、有效环保和便利诉讼的原则,利益主体只存在于诉讼程序中。此观点具有理论和实务上的合理性。基于此观点,只有检察院和部分环保组织适于作为原告,同时应完善相关配套措施。该研究有助于破除现有原告资格的桎梏,确立适当的原告资格,推动环境民事公益诉讼发展。

The litigation system of environmental civil public interest is continuously developing and perfecting in China,but disputes on qualification of plaintiffs are unceasing.The plaintiff qualification conflicts with the interests of lawsuit,the theory of appeal right,the principle of punishment,and the equality between the two parities.Theories of responsible person,making up the position,parties to the procedure,the representative and the agent,etc.are proposed in academic circles,which is tried to reconcile the conflict.However,the plaintiff qualification of environmental civil public interest litigation is essentially the interest owner in program through legal drafting.Legal drafting follows the principle of drafting statutory,effective environmental protection and convenient litigation,and the interest owner only exists in litigation procedure.The viewpoint has rationality in both theory and practice.Based on it,only the procuratorate and some environmental protection organizations are suitable as plaintiffs,and related supporting measures should be perfected.The study is beneficial to eliminate existing shackles of plaintiff qualification,establish appropriate plaintiff qualification,and promote the development of environmental civil public interest litigation.