江西省广昌县子莲生产和施肥中存在问题与技术对策

Problems and Technical Strategies for Seed Lotus Production and Fertilization in Guangchang County,Jiangxi Province

采用进村入户问卷调查的方法,详尽调查了江西省广昌县6个主要乡镇子莲生产和施肥现状。结果表明,在当前生产管理条件下,广昌县子莲平均产量1074 kg·hm^-2,不同乡镇产量水平的差异主要与子莲种植方式和品种有关,其中种植方式的影响比品种更大。目前广泛推广的太空莲36号和建选17号平均产量分别为1188 kg·hm^-2和1007 kg·hm^-2,不到其产量潜力的85%。病虫害、连作障碍、施肥不当、不良天气、品种退化、水源等是子莲产量偏低的重要因素。针对施肥中存在的主要问题,提出了重施有机肥、合理调控氮磷钾施肥总量、施用碱性肥料、补充钙镁硼硅等中微量和有益元素肥料、合理把握施肥时期和方法等技术对策。

Taking questionnaire method in every household of a village,this paper investigated in detail the present status of production and fertilization on seed lotus in 6 towns of Guangchang County,Jiangxi Province.Results showed that under present production and management conditions,the average yield of seed lotus was 1074 kg·hm^-2.The differences in yielding level of different towns were mainly related to planting pattern and variety,while planting pattern had a bigger impact than the variety.At present,the average yields of extensively extented‘Taikonglian No.36’and‘Jianxuan No.17’were 1188 kg·hm^-2 and 1007 kg·hm^-2,respectively,less than 85%of their yield potential.Disease and pest,successive cropping obstacle,irrational fertilization,bad weather,variety degeneration and source of water were the important factors for low yield.Aiming at the major existing problems in fertilization,technical counter measures were put forward:to use organic fertilizer,to rationally regulate the rate of nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P)and potassium(K),to apply alkaline fertilizer,to supplement medium,trace and beneficial element fertilizers,such as calcium,magnesium,borax,etc.,to rationally conduct fertilizing time and method.