新时代法律监督理念:逻辑展开与内涵阐释

The Philosophy of Legal Supervision for the New Era:Logical Expansion and Connotation Interpretation

新时代法律监督理念较诸传统"检察理念"更加注重时代性、整体性并突出"法律监督"属性。其本质是新时代背景下围绕法律监督形成的"理念集合体",建立和发展检察制度的"基本理论支撑"以及统摄"工作理念"和"改革理念"等特定理念的更高位阶的"上位理念"。其逻辑应从四个方面展开:问题意识层面,从理论和实践层面分别系统性回答新时代应当坚持和发展什么样的法律监督、应当怎样坚持和发展法律监督;基本定位层面,是新时代中国特色社会主义法治理念在法律监督领域的具体化,也是指导和调整我国全部法律监督活动的根本指针;逻辑边界层面,不得违背我国人大制度根本遵循和现代法治基本共识;根本保证层面,要始终坚持中国共产党对法律监督工作的领导。于此基础上,新时代法律监督理念之科学内涵,可以阐释为以下五个方面:以"民主法治"为核心内容,以"法制统一"为基本诉求,以"人权保障"为本质要求,以"理性谦抑"为价值追求,以"功能优化"为根本方法。

Compared with the traditional"procuratorial philosophy",the philosophy of legal supervision for the new era pays more attention to the background of the times,is more systematic,and highlights its own attribute of "legal supervision". As a higher-ranking "superior philosophy"which dominates "work philosophy"and"reform philosophy"and other philosophy of specific aspects of legal supervision,its essence is not only the "philosophy aggregation"of legal supervision under the background of the new era,but also the "fundamental theoretical support"for the establishment and development of the procuratorial system. Furthermore,the logic of this philosophy could be expanded from four aspects: At the level of question consciousness,it systematically answers the questions of"what kind of legal supervision should be adhered to and developed in the new era"and"how should we adhere to and develop legal supervision in the new era"from the theoretical and practical levels respectively;at the level of basic orientation,it is the concretization of socialist philosophy of rule of law with Chinese characteristics for the new era in the field of legal supervision,and also the fundamental guideline for guiding and adjusting all legal supervision activities in China;at the level of logical boundary,it must not go against the fundamental adherence of the people’s congress system and the basic consensus of the modern country under the rule of law;at the level of fundamental guarantee,it should always adhere to the leadership of the Communist Party of China in the work of legal supervision. On the basis of the above contents,the scientific connotation of legal supervision philosophy for the new era could be interpreted as the following five aspects: "democracy and rule of law","unification of legal system","protection of human rights","rationality and modesty"and"optimization of functions". They are in turn the core content,basic demand,essential requirement,value pursuit and fundamental method of legal supervision philosophy for the new era.