美国资历框架的发展范式和特征解析

An Analysis of the Development Paradigms and Characteristics of the American Credentials Framework

建立资历框架以应对知识经济社会发展和教育全球化挑战已经成为世界各国的普遍战略选择。传统的资历框架建设一般采用“自上而下”的教育政策议程设置模式,由国家政府主导通过立法推动资历框架的建设与实施,但作为联邦制的美国则另辟蹊径,采取“自下而上”的方式由私立基金会推动美国资历框架(CF)的建设。美国资历框架基于成效为本理念,充分吸纳和借鉴了国内外资历框架的发展经验,兼具国际化主体共性和本土差异化特色,被称为第四代资历框架的典型代表,其发展模式对正在建设资历框架的国家提供了新的路径参考和发展启示。

Establishing a qualifications framework to meet the challenges of knowledge economy and social development as well as educational globalization has become a universal strategic choice for countries around the world.The traditional qualifications framework construction generally adopts a“top-down”education policy agenda setting model,in which national government issues legislation to promote the construction and implementation of the qualifications framework.However,as a federal state,the United States,has had a different approach and adopted a“bottom-up”way,in which the private foundat ion joined with the stakeholders to promote the establishment of American Creden tials Framework(CF).Based on the outcome-based theory,American Credentials Framework has fully absorbed the development experience of domestic and internati onal qualifications frameworks,and has possessed both international commonality and local characteristics.It is called the typical representative of the fourth-generation qualifications framework,and its development model has provided n ew pathological references and development implications for the countries that are establishing qualifications framework.