日本养老看护服务体系的重构——以“看护四边形”理论为视角

Reconstructing Japan’s Care Service System:History,Current Situation and Trend

随着老龄化、少子化进程的加剧,传统家庭功能的衰弱,未来社会需要政府、市场、家庭及地域组织或志愿者等机构协同承担养老看护重任。联合国开发研究所曾在福利四角理论的基础上提出了“看护四边形”理论,用于考察育儿及养老看护。日本养老“看护四边形”从20世纪60年代至今在不同阶段呈现不同特点,较之最初重视发展“看护四边形”中政府或市场或家庭单一功能的时代,如今及未来更重视发展“看护四边形”中“政府”“市场”“家庭”以及“非营利组织/社区”的紧密配合及融合发展。

With the aging population with fewer children and the weakening traditional family role,the government,market,family and regional organizations or volunteer should be all involved in providing the care service for the aged.On the basis of welfare quadrangle theory,the United Nations Development Research Institute has put forward the theory of“quadrangle of care service”for the aged.Since 1960s,the quadrangle of Japan’s care service has developed rapidly and shown different characteristics at different stages.Compared with the initial stage of its development,when the role of government,market and family was respectively highlighted,in later stages and probably in the future more attention is paid to the interaction of factors among government,market,family and non-profit organization within the quadrangle.