辽宁省柞园木霉菌的分离鉴定及种群多样性分析

Isolation, Identification and Population Diversity of Trichoderma spp. from Oak Gardens in Liaoning Province

为明确辽宁省柞园木霉菌种类及多样性,采集辽宁省9个地区柞园柞树的须根,从中分离到265株木霉菌株。形态及分子鉴定结果表明,辽宁省柞园生态系统中共发现木霉菌12种,分别为Trichoderma hamatum、T.virens、T.citrinoviride、T.harzianum、T.spirale、T.crassum、T.atroviride、T.paraviridescens、T.velutinum、T.koningiopsis、T.longibrachiatum和T.guizhouense。不同地区木霉菌分离率有显著差异,本溪市本溪县柞园木霉菌分离率高达147%,营口市大石桥市分离率最低(33%)。辽宁省柞园木霉菌株优势种包括T.koningiopsis、T.virens、T.crassum和T.hamatum,分别占总菌株数量的28.3%、24.5%、17.0%和14.3%,而T.citrinoviride、T.paraviridescens、T.velutinum和T.guizhouense均不到总菌株数量的1%。Simpson指数、Shannon指数和Pielou分布均一度分析表明,辽宁省不同柞园生态系统木霉菌株多样性有差异,其中大连市庄河市的木霉菌多样性高于其他调查地区。研究结果揭示了辽宁省柞园土壤中木霉菌种群的分布与种群多样性状况,为木霉菌资源利用提供了素材和参考。

In order to identify the species and diversity of Trichoderma spp. in oak gardens in Liaoning Province, roots of oak trees were collected from oak gardens in 9 regions of Liaoning Province. Totally 265 Trichoderma strains were isolated from these roots. Morphological and molecular identification showed that 12 species of Trichoderma spp. were identified from the oak garden ecosystem of Liaoning, including T. hamatum, T. virens, T. citrinoviride, T. harzianum, T. spirale, T. crassum, T. atroviride, T. paraviridescens, T. velutinum, T. koningiopsis, T. longibrachiatum and T. guizhouense. There were significant differences in separation rate of Trichoderma in different regions of Liaoning Province. The separation rate in Benxi County, Benxi City was the highest(147%), whereas the lowest was found in Dashiqiao City, Yingkou City(33%). The dominant species of Trichoderma in Liaoning Province were T. koningiopsis, T. virens, T. crissum and T. hamatum, which accounted for 28.3%, 24.5%, 17.0% and 14.3%, respectively, whereas T. citrinoviride, T. paraviridescens, T. velutinum and T. guizhouense each accounted for no more than 1%. Simpson index, Shannon diversity index and Pielou distribution index indicated that there were also differences in the diversity of Trichoderma in oak garden ecosystem of Liaoning. Trichoderma in Zhuanghe City, Dalian City had more species than that in other regions. The results revealed the population distribution and diversity of Trichoderma in different oak gardens of Liaoning and provided a reference for the utilization of Trichoderma resources.