生菜精量播种方法研究与装备开发

Study on the precision seeding method of lettuce and equipment development

设施园艺作为设施农业中重要组成部分,以种植蔬菜、水果、花卉为主。其中,蔬菜种植首要步骤是育苗,育苗的关键环节是播种,播种质量的好坏将直接影响作物产量。虽然市场上有多种精量播种设备,但是对种子形状有着较为严格的要求,限制播种设备在中国的推广。因此,以蔬菜中具有代表性的生菜作为研究对象,通过对生菜种子无规则形状、粒径微小、重量轻等特点的研究,在现有技术的基础上设计一种更加适用于生菜种子特点的裸种精量播种装备,并通过Fluent仿真软件对播种装置的关键部件进行了设计,经过后期试验,通过以漏播率与重播率作为试验指标,得到播种成功率达到90%以上,满足生菜精量播种的要求。本装备补充和完善精量播种领域存在的不足,为设施园艺的未来发展提供更多的技术支撑与方法。

Facility gardening is an important part of facility agriculture, mainly planting vegetables, fruits and flowers. Among them, the first step in vegetable cultivation is to grow seedlings, and the key link in seedling cultivation is planting;the quality of seeding will directly affect crop yield. Although many kinds of precision seeding equipments are being used in the market, they often have strict requirements about the shape of seeds, which limited the promotion of sowing equipment in China. So, In this paper, the representative lettuce in vegetables were taken as the research object. Research of the characteristics of lettuce seeds, such as irregular shape, small particle size and light weight, On the basis of existing technology, a bare seed precision seeding equipment, which is more suitable for lettuce seed characteristics, is designed. Key components of the seeding device were designed by Fluent simulation software. After the later test, the missed broadcast rate and the re-broadcasting rate were used as test indicators, and the seeding success rate was over 90%, which satisfied the requirements of lettuce seeding. This equipment supplement and improve the deficiencies of precision seeding, To provide more technical support and methods for the future development of facility horticulture.