警察即时强制权的规范化行使——以公民权利保护为线索

Regulation on the Enforcement of Instant Coercive Power of Police

警察即时强制权具有即时性和强制性,不以行政处分的作出为前提且无事先告诫环节,需要根据现场情况临场决定即时执行,因此法律授予警察现场执法以很大的自由裁量权。为了更好地规范警察即时强制权,保障公民基本权利,需要确立目的正当性以及目的与手段的比例性原则,制定警察即时强制权启动和执行的正当程序,完善警察即时强制权行使的可检视性要求、违法行使的法律救济和责任追究等,最大限度地扩大社会公益,同时将对于个体权利与自由的妨碍限制在最低限度。

The instant coercive power of police has the features of instant and compulsory.As a discretional power granted by law to enforce law at the scene, it is in the need of instant enforcement based on the specific situations on spot without the presumption of formal administrative sanctions and the prior warning. In order to better regulate the police’s instant coercive power, at same time to protect the foundational civil rights, it is necessary to establish the justification of purpose and the principle of proportionality between purpose and means, formulate the due process for the initiation and enforcement of the instant coercive power of the police, and improve the censorship requirements, legal remedy and responsible inquisition when illegal enforcement of the exercise of police’s instant coercive power, which can maximize public welfare meanwhile minimize infringement of the individual rights and freedom.