基于计划行为理论分析2型糖尿病患者休闲类身体活动量的影响因素

Influential factors of leisure exercise among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus based on the planned behavior theory

目的本研究基于计划行为理论探究2型糖尿病患者的休闲类身体活动状况及其影响因素。方法研究采用基于计划行为理论自行设计的2型糖尿病患者调查问卷,问卷信效度均良好。本研究建立结构方程来探讨影响糖尿病患者休闲类身体活动量的影响因素以及潜在的中介效应。结果本研究最终纳入774例2型糖尿病患者,其中年龄为60岁以上占52.6%,日均千步当量中位数为0.0千步当量,四分位数间距为(0.0,2.0)。结构方程显示,运动行为意向(β=0.278)会对休闲类身体活动量产生直接影响,同时感知行为控制(β=0.180)通过影响行为意向间接影响休闲类身体活动量。结论当前糖尿病患者休闲类身体活动量普遍不足。提高患者的休闲类身体活动量应从提升其控制运动行为能力方面进行干预,提高其运动行为意向。

Objective This study applied the theory of planned behavior to investigate the leisure exercise situation among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2 DM) and its influencing factors. Methods The questionnaire was self-designed based on the theory of planned behavior, which had good reliability and validity. Structural equation modeling was used to estimate the determinants of leisure exercise and the potential intermediate effect. Results 774 patients with T2 DM were enrolled in this study. 52.6% were over 60 years old. The median amount of leisure exercise was 0.0 thousand-step equivalent with quartile of(0.0, 2.0). Structural equation modeling showed that the effects of attitude(β=0.080) and intention(β=0.277) on leisure exercise were significant. Besides, perceived behavioral control(β=0.180) had an indirect effect on exercise through intention. Conclusions In general, most patients with type 2 diabetes have insufficient amount of exercise. Improving attitude, control and intention to exercise would be one crucial part of exercise health education among patients with T2 DM.