一件战国红铜嵌镶青铜豆的工艺逻辑探究

Study on the Red Copper Inlaying Craft into Bronze Bean of the Warring States Period of Ancient China

青铜器的红铜嵌镶工艺是一种高超的青铜器表面修饰技法,对于其工艺特点及流程,学界有较为完整的推测,但尚无实例证实。通过观察法、金相分析、SEM-EDS分析等,探索分析北京怀柔出土红铜嵌镶青铜豆的形态特征、组织特征和器物成分特征,推断其表面装饰工艺逻辑。结果表明,首先制作青铜器体,铸造后使用錾刀依据纹饰在青铜器表面錾刻出嵌槽;使用红铜丝或红铜片制成纹饰,并对其进行反复热锻,使纹饰基本吻合青铜凹槽形状,再直接捶打嵌入青铜基体。研究增强对于红铜嵌镶青铜器的认识,为保护修复红铜嵌镶青铜器提供科学依据。

Bronze inlaying craft was a superb technique for surface modification of bronzeware.For its technological characteristics and process,the academia had a more complete speculation,but there was no example to prove.By means of observation,metallographic analysis and SEM-EDS analysis,the morphological,structural and component characteristics of copper inlaying into bronze beans unearthed were explored in Huairou,Beijing,and the surface decoration process logic was deduced.The results show that the body of the bronze ware is firstly made and the chisel is used to carve the groove on the surface of the bronze ware after casting.Red copper wire or copper plate is used to make the decoration,and repeated hot forging is carried out to make the decoration basically conform to the shape of bronze groove,and then it is directly hammered into the bronze matrix.In order to provide a scientific basis for the protection and restoration of bronze inlaying ware,this study is conducted to enhance the understanding of bronze inlaying ware.