朝鲜《备边司誊录》中清代泉州商民海上活动初探

Maritime Activities of Quanzhou People in Qing Dynasty as seen in the Archives of the Border Defense Council

朝鲜王朝《备边司誊录》是了解清代泉州商民海上活动的重要史料,总计记载有1686-1830年间的十八艘涉泉漂流商船,绝大多数从福建始发,在时间上以19世纪30年代最为频密。漂流人中,籍贯同安的人数最多,反映出同安县人在海上的活跃。从漂流人身份来看,福建商船船户、船主、货主分工的现象并不普遍。在经营方面,福建始发商船在早期曾从事日本长崎贸易,但自1715年后贸易线路发生变化,全部漂流船均前往中国北方港口贸易。除海关设立之初的一段时期外,闽海关出港的海船以海关票、县票为两种基本票证,其管理制度与北方港口的海船管理有很大不同。

The Archives of the Border Defense Council of Chosǒn dynasty is an important source for studying maritime activities of Quanzhou people in Qing dynasty, which preserves details of 18 shipwrecks with Quanzhou people on board. Most ships originated from Fujian. Shipwrecks were relatively frequent in the first 30 years of 19 th century. It is found that most of them from Tong’an county. Division between ship owners and cargo owners is not common on Fujian ships. In earlier times, Fujian ships mainly engaged in the trade at Nagasaki in Japan.But since 1715, they engaged in trade to the ports of northern China, reflecting changes of trade route. Except for the early period after the Customs was established, the vessels departing from Fujian Custom were required to hold two basic official documents: document from county, and that from Fujian Custom, which was different from requirements for vessals departing from northern China ports.