三甲医院2018年302份药品不良反应报告分析

Report Analysis of 302 Cases of Adverse Drug Reactions in First-class Hospitals in 2018

目的探讨三甲医院2018年302份药品不良反应(ADR)的发生情况和相关因素,以促进临床合理用药。方法对安徽医科大学附属六安医院2018年1-12月收集并上报至国家药品不良反应检测系统的302份ADR报告进行回顾性统计与分析。结果 302份报告中,性别为女性的ADR报告(162例)高于性别为男性的ADR报告(140例);65岁以上老年患者的ADR报告占比较高,为29.47%;给药方式方面,口服引发的ADR最多,其次为静脉给药;药物分类方面,抗感染药物居首(38.08%),其次为中药注射剂、中成药(11.92%);ADR造成的临床损害主要以消化系统、皮肤及其附件损害较为常见。结论女性患者及老年患者较易引发ADR,应密切关注女性患者及老年患者用药安全,选择适宜给药途径,同时规范使用抗感染药物,慎用中药注射剂、中成药,医疗机构应加强ADR的上报和监测工作,以减少ADR的发生,从而促进临床合理用药。

Objective To explore the incidence and related factors of 302 adverse drug reactions(ADRs) in first-class hospitals in 2018 to promote clinical rational drug use. Methods A retrospective statistics and analysis were performed on 302 ADR reports collected by first-class hospitals and reported to the National Adverse Drug Reaction Detection System from January 2018 to December 2018 in Lu’an Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University. Results In the 302 reports, the ADR report of woman(162 cases) was higher than that of men(140 cases);the ADR report of older patients over 65 years old accounted for 29.47%;in terms of administration, the most common ADR was oral administration, followed by intravenous administration. In terms of drug classification, anti-infectives ranked first(38.08%), followed by traditional Chinese medicine injections and Chinese patent medicines(11.92%);the clinical damage caused by ADR was mainly digestive system, skin and attachment damage. Conclusion Female patients and elderly patients are more likely to have ADR. We should pay close attention to the safety of medication for female patients and elderly patients, choose appropriate route of administration, standardize the use of anti-infective drugs, use Chinese medicine injections and Chinese patent medicines carefully, and medical institutions should strengthen the reports and monitoring work of ADR to reduce the occurrence of ADR, thereby promoting clinical rational drug use.