农业温室气体排放研究进展

Research Progress on Agricultural Greenhouse Gas Emissions

农业活动所产生的温室气体在全球温室气体排放中所占的比重较大,对气候变暖的影响不可忽视.农业因兼具碳源、碳汇的双重特性而在温室气体减排的研究中备受关注.本文旨在从农业温室气体的排放范畴、影响因素、排放量测算、减排潜力以及减排对策等方面对当前已有的农业温室气体研究进行梳理,重点对当前研究的关注点进行归纳和比较,发现当前研究存在核算方法有待进一步完善、减排模拟有局限性、减排对策未从农户角度出发以及缺乏对农业部门减缓和适应的研究等问题,并提出了一些未来值得进一步探讨的研究视角.如确定县级及更小尺度农业温室气体核算体系,探究农业温室气体排放的空间特征,从微观农户角度出发研究农业温室气体排放,用经济学思想协调农业温室气体减排,研究农业温室气体的时空演变与差异,为农业部门减缓和适应气候变化提供数据支撑和决策支持.

The greenhouse gases produced by agricultural activities account for a large proportion of global greenhouse gas emissions, and the impact on climate warming cannot be ignored. Agriculture has attracted much attention in the research of greenhouse gas emission reduction because of its dual characteristics of carbon source and carbon sink. This paper aims to sort out the existing agricultural greenhouse gas research from the aspects of agricultural greenhouse gas emission mechanism, influencing factors, emission measurement, emission reduction potential and emission reduction countermeasures, focusing on the current research focus. The comparison points out some limitations of the current research: the accounting method needs to be further improved, the emission reduction simulation has limitations, the emission reduction measures are not from the perspective of farmers, and there is a lack of research on the mitigation and adaptation of the agricultural sector. It also puts forward some research perspectives worthy of further exploration in the future to determine the small-scale agricultural greenhouse gas accounting system at the county level and below, explore the spatial characteristics of agricultural greenhouse gas emissions, study agricultural greenhouse gas emissions from the perspective of micro-farmers, coordinate agricultural greenhouse gas emission reduction, and study the spatial and temporal evolution and differences of agricultural greenhouse gases, thus providing data support and decision support for the agricultural sector to mitigate and adapt to climate change.