右美托咪啶喷鼻在儿科麻醉中的应用进展

Applications of dexmedetomidine by nasal spray during pediatric anesthesia

右美托咪啶(DEX)是α2-肾上腺素能受体激动剂,具有镇静、镇痛、抗焦虑、抗交感的作用,并且右美托咪啶对呼吸功能抑制较小,安全性高,有很好的临床应用前景。由于特殊的生理和心理状态,小儿术前常处于焦虑、恐惧状态,小儿术前药的应用是近年来临床医生关注的热点。右美托咪啶与其他小儿术前药比较,具有镇静效果好、安全性高的优点。右美托咪啶喷鼻给药在保证了药物作用的同时,有效减少了不良反应,方便实施,是较为理想的给药方式。本文就右美托咪啶喷鼻在小儿术前用药的有效性和安全性及其有效剂量进行综述。

Dexmedetomidine( DEX) is an α2 adrenalin-receptor agonist with potent sedation,analgesia,anti-anxiety and anti-sympathetic effect. Moreover,DEX exert no inhibition of respiratory function with high safety and has considerable clinical application prospect. Children often experience emergency agitation( EA) and other uncomfortable symptom which is associated with special physical and mental state.Thus,an ideal pediatric anesthetic premedication is getting a lot of attention. DEX is superior to other premedication in sedation with high safety. Compared with others,DEX by nasal spray is an ideal drug delivery method to reduce the side effects and facilitate the implementation of the drug. The relevant research progress of the effective dose,efficacy and safety will be reviewed.