城市轨道站点拓扑网络通达性建模及分析

Accessibility of urban subway stations based on topological network modeling

通过研究交通网络的空间连接及由此决定的节点间联系的连通程度,可观测交通可达性水平。本文对地下轨道交通和地面道路交通构成的立体拓扑网络进行了建模,采用空间句法形态分析变量构建了基于轨道站点的通达性模型,分析了深圳市轨道站点通达性水平和空间特征,并探讨了站点通达性与周边土地利用的相互关系。研究结果表明,深圳市轨道站点通达性平均值为0.088 4,通达性数值离散程度较低,在空间上形成了福田中心区、华强北商业区、东门商业区和后海片区4个高值热点区;商业用地、办公用地与站点通达性的相关程度最大,工业仓储用地受轨道站点的影响较小,轨道站点倾向于商业及办公用地等人流量集中的空间节点;轨道站点基本可承载周边的土地开发,组合类型为"高-中""中-低"的27个站点需提升综合立体交通体系功能。笔者从拓扑网络耦合的思路,客观评价了深圳市轨道站点通达性及其与土地利用的相互关系,提供了研究对象由线路向站点转换的研究视角,可为同类研究提供参考意义。

The traffic accessibility can be observed by studying the spatial connection of traffic network and the degree of connectivity between network nodes. In this paper,the three-dimensional topological network composed of underground rail transit and road traffic is modeled. The accessibility model is established based on railway stations using space syntax morphology analysis variables. Then,this paper analyzes the accessibility level and spatial characteristics of railway stations,and discusses the relationship between the station accessibility and the surrounding land use. The results show that the average accessibility of the railway stations in Shenzhen is 0.088 4,with a low dispersion degree. There have developed four high-value hotspots,namely Futian Central District,North Huaqiang Business District,Dongmen Business District and Houhai District. The business and office land have the highest correlation with the accessibility of the stations,while the industrial land is less affected by the stations. So the railway stations tend to locate at spatial nodes like business districts or office areas where the traffic is more concentrated. The railway stations can basically meet the development requirements of the surrounding land. 27 stations of the"high-medium"type or the"medium-low"type need to improve the functions of the integrated traffic system. This paper evaluates the accessibility of subway stations in Shenzhen and its relationship with the usage of land based on the coupling of the topological network. It proposes a research perspective of transformation from traffic lines to traffic stations,providing a reference for similar studies.