升金湖越冬水鸟在周边农田觅食造成的农户经济损失评估与补偿研究

Assessment on Economic Loss of Farmers Caused by Overwintering Water Birds in Shengjin Lake Feeding in Surrounding Farmlands and Compensation

安徽省升金湖是一处重要的越冬水鸟栖息地。由于升金湖周边分布着种植水稻、油菜和冬小麦等的农田,越冬水鸟在这些农田中的觅食活动会使种田农户有一定的经济损失,农户因此而对水鸟做出的驱赶或扑杀行动,威胁着水鸟的生态安全。针对这个问题,通过调查造成该区农作物损失的水鸟种类、活动季节以及受损农作物种类、农田受损范围和面积,评估水鸟在农田中的觅食活动所带来的经济损失,并结合升金湖国家级自然保护区实际情况,提出了对农户的相应补偿对策,这对于水鸟种群的保护和湿地恢复及湿地管理具有实际指导意义。研究结果表明,越冬水鸟集中取食区的冬小麦田产量的平均受损率为42%;越冬水鸟一般取食区的冬小麦田产量的平均受损率为25%,在保护区外1 km范围内的冬小麦田产量的平均受损率为10%;稻田产量的平均受损率为10%;油菜地产量的平均受损率为10%;采取了分区补偿的方式,计算出相应的补偿标准,提出加强湿地保护能力建设、加强宣传教育力度和成立越冬水鸟生态补偿办公室的建议。

The Shengjin Lake in Anhui province is an important habitat for overwintering water birds. Due to the distribution of the farmland of rice, rape, and winter wheat etc. around the lake, the foraging activities of overwintering water birds in the farmlands may cause certain economic losses to the farmers. Therefore, the farmers’ driving or killing actions against the water birds has become a threat to the ecological security of the water birds. In view of this problem, by investigating the species and movement patterns of the water birds, together with the species of damaged crops, the scope and area of the damaged farmland, an evaluation of the economic losses caused by the foraging activities of the water birds in the farmlands had been made. Combined with the actual situation of the Shengjin Lake National Nature Reserve, some corresponding compensation measures for the farmers were put forward subsequently, which has practical directive significance for protecting the water birds population and improving wetland restoration and wetland management. According to this study, the average damage rate of the yield of winter wheat fields in the concentrated feeding area of overwintering waterfowls was 42%;the average damage rate of the yield of winter wheat field in the general feeding area of overwintering waterfowls was 25%;while the average damage rate of the yield of winter wheat field in the range of 1 km outside the reserve area was 10%;the average damage rate of the yield of rice field was 10% and the average damage rate of the yield of rape field was 10%. A zonal compensation rate should be adopted and the corresponding compensation standards were calculated. To enhance the construction of wetland protection capacity, improve public awareness on environmental protection were recommended and establish a special office to administer the related affairs.