籽粒有毒重金属低富集大豆品种筛选及与环境作用效应分析

Screening of Low Enriched Soybean Varieties with Toxic Heavy Metals and the Interaction with the Environment

作物对重金属的吸收和积累具有显著的品种间差异,为明确不同大豆品种重金属积累能力的差异及基因型与环境的作用效应,并筛选有毒重金属低富集的大豆品种,本研究收集120份大豆种质,连续2年在济南和滨州两地不同环境种植,测定各品种大豆籽粒中铅(Pb)、铬(Cr)、砷(As)、镉(Cd)和汞(Hg)的含量。结果表明:大豆籽粒不同重金属含量存在很大差异,总体表现为Cr>Pb>As>Cd>Hg;各重金属元素在不同大豆品种籽粒中的含量均存在很大差异,对不同元素具有高或低积累特性品种的积累能力在不同环境下具有稳定性。基因型、环境及基因型与环境互作对大豆籽粒Pb、Cr、As、Cd、Hg含量均具有极显著影响,且大豆籽粒Pb含量与产量显著负相关。

The heavy metal accumulation in crops varies with genotypes. In order to define the difference of heavy metal accumulation ability among different soybeans and analyze the mutual effects with environment, 120 soybean germplasms were planted in Jinan and Binzhou in two years, respectively. Pb, Cr, As, Cd and Hg content in soybean seeds were analyzed by inductively coupled plasms mass spectrometry(ICP-MS). Results showed that the heavy metals content in soybean seeds were significantly different due to the elements, which were considered as Cr>Pb>As>Cd>Hg. Moreover, the heavy metal accumulation in seeds of different soybean cultivars varied significantly, and the accumulation capacity of varieties with high or low accumulation of different elements was stable under different environments. Genotype, environment and the interaction between genotype and environment showed significant effects on the accumulation of Pb, Cr, As, Cd and Hg in soybean seeds. Significant negative correlation was found between Pb content in soybean seeds and soybean yield.