种植密度与施肥水平对山西早熟夏大豆产量与主要农艺性状的影响

Effects of Different Planting Densities and Fertilization Levels on Yield and Main Agronomic Characters of Early-maturing Summer Soybean in Shanxi Province

为了确定汾豆98适宜的种植密度和施肥水平,以建立其高产优质栽培技术及其推广提供技术依据,本试验采用双因素完全随机区组设计,设置5个种植密度(37.50,48.75,60.00,71.25和82.50万株·hm^-2)和4个施肥水平(450,600,750,900 kg·hm^-2),研究不同种植密度与施肥水平对大豆主要农艺性状、产量性状和产量的影响。结果表明:株高、结荚高度随种植密度增大而增加,主茎节数、分枝数、茎粗、单株荚数、单株粒数、单株粒重和百粒重均随种植密度的增大逐渐减少。株高、结荚高度、主茎节数、单株荚数、单株粒数、单株粒重和百粒重等农艺性状基本呈现高施肥水平大于低施肥水平的现象;其它农艺性状未表现出明显的规律。大豆产量随种植密度增大呈现先增大后减小的趋势,而其随施肥水平的升高呈逐渐增加的现象。汾豆98品种最适宜的种植密度是71.25万株·hm^-2,在此种植密度下的最佳施肥量为900 kg·hm^-2,最高产量为3 287.3 kg·hm^-2,适当减小种植密度与施肥量也可取得较高的产量。

In order to determine the suitable planting density and fertilizer levels of Fendou 98 and provide technical basis for its high-yield and high-quality cultivation techniques, five planting densities(375.0, 487.5, 600.0, 712.5, 825.0 thousand plants·ha^-1) and four fertilizer levels(450, 600, 750, 900 kg·ha^-1) were set up by using a two-factor completely random block method, and the effects of different planting densities and fertilizer levels on main agronomic traits, yield traits and yield of soybean were studied in this article. The results showed that the plant height and the pod height grew with the increasing of planting density. The number of main stem nodes, branches, stem diameter, pod number per plant, seed number per plant, seed weight per plant and 100-seed weight decreased gradually with the increasing of planting density. The agronomic traits such as plant height, pod height, node number of main stem, pod number per plant, seed number per plant, seed weight per plant and 100-seed weight showed the regularity that the performance with high fertilizer levels was higher than that with low level. Other agronomic traits had no obvious regularity. The yield of soybean rised and then fell with the increasing of planting density, and rised gradually with the increasing of fertilizer levels. The optimum planting density of Fendou 98 was 712.5 thousand plants·ha^-1. In such condition, the optimum fertilizer amount was 900 kg·ha^-1,and the maximum yield was 3 287.3 kg·ha^-1. High yield could also be achieved through appropriate reduction of planting density and fertilizer amount.