人才的资源匹配、技术效率与经济高质量发展

Talent’s resource matching, technical efficiency and China’s high-quality economic development

人才对经济高质量发展的影响不仅仅取决于人才本身,更取决于其与其他技术、经济、制度等资源条件的匹配状况。基于此逻辑,以技术效率衡量经济发展质量,按一定属性将人才进行分类,利用中国30个省市(除西藏和港澳台地区)2002-2016年面板数据,采用超越对数随机前沿生产函数探讨人才的资源匹配对经济高质量发展的影响。研究结果表明:(1)人才的资源匹配扭曲确实存在,并且能够解释技术效率损失的原因;(2)R&D人才能够显著促进经济增长,而学历人才的促进作用并不明显;(3)学历人才和R&D人才在东中西部地区的资源匹配效率存在较大差异,具体表现为地区匹配、结构互补、产业匹配、部门匹配在各区域对技术效率和经济高质量发展的作用效果不同。据此,在引进培育人才的同时,更需要打造良好的市场、产业和制度环境,实现人才与其他生产或创新资源的有效匹配,此外也要兼顾区域间人才配置的协调。

The influence of talents on high-quality economic development depends not only on the talent elements themselves, but also on the matching conditions with other resource, such as technical, economy, regime and so on. Based on the logic, we thought of the technical efficiency as high-quality economic development, and classified talents according to some character, to probe the influence of talent’s resource matching on high-quality economic development by utilizing trans-log production function and panel data of 30 provinces and cities in China(excluding Tibet, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan) from 2002 to 2016. We find that,(1) the distortion of talent’s resource matching does exist and can explain the loss of technical efficiency;(2) R&D talents could significantly promote economic growth, whereas educated talents can’t.(3) The matching efficiency of educated talents and R&D talents in the east, central and west regions is quite different, which is manifested in effects such as regional matching, structural complementation, industrial matching and sectoral matching on technical efficiency and economic high-quality development in different regions. Therefore, while introducing and cultivating talents, it is more necessary to create a good market, industry and institutional environment to make talents with other production or innovation resource well matched. In addition, it is also necessary to take the coordination of the allocation of talents between regions into account.