湖南壶瓶山国家级自然保护区两栖爬行动物多样性的时空格局

Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Amphibian and Reptile Diversity in Hupingshan National Nature Reserve

本研究利用2013至2016年湖南壶瓶山国家级自然保护区巡护监测数据,评估壶瓶山保护区两栖爬行动物多样性水平。壶瓶山保护区在8个监测站点布设了25条两栖爬行动物调查样线,进行常规监测,其中,日间样线14条,夜间样线11条,日间样线平均长度4 km,夜间样线平均长度0.75 km。每个月,每条样线平均调查3次。4年共调查到62种两栖爬行动物,占湖南省两栖爬行动物总种数的38.04%。逐月计算各监测站点的alpha多样性指数和整个保护区的beta多样性指数,按季节比较不同站点间物种组成的Hellinger距离。结果显示,保护区不同位置间、不同的监测站点间以及年际间的两栖爬行动物多样性没有显著差异,提示保护区环境具有相对稳定性。但是,个别位于实验区或邻近实验区的站点,物种组成有着剧烈的波动,表明人为活动影响了两栖爬行动物的分布。另外,保护区两栖爬行动物的物种组成与多样性有着显著的季节差异,这与两栖爬行动物的生物学特性有关。以上结果说明,壶瓶山保护区两栖爬行动物的多样性结构具有稳定性和敏感性的特点,可以考虑用作保护区生物多样性水平的监测指标。

Our study showed visible spatial and temporal patterns of amphibian and reptile diversity in Hupingshan National Nature Reserve.The patrolling and monitoring data from 2013 to 2016 was used to assess amphibian and reptile diversity of Hunan Hupingshan National Nature Reserve.In order to carry out routine monitoring,Hupingshan Reserve set 25 amphibian and reptile investigating transects at 8 monitoring stations,including 14 daytime transects with an average length of 4 km and 11 nighttime transects with an average length of 0.75 km(Fig.1).Each transect was investigated 3 times per month on average.During these 4 years,62 amphibian and reptile species were recorded in total,accounting for 38.04%of the amphibian and reptilian species in Hunan province.We calculated the alpha diversity index of each monitoring site and the beta diversity index of the whole reserve monthly and compared the Hellinger distance of species composition in different stations among seasons.And we respectively applied ANOVA to analyze significances.The results showed that there was no significant difference among amphibian and reptile diversity in different locations,monitoring stations and in different years,which means the ecological environment of reserve is relatively stable.However,species composition fluctuated drastically in several stations located in or near experimental zone of reserve,which means human activities are influential to the distribution of amphibian and reptilian species.Besides,there were significant seasonal differences in species composition and diversity of amphibians and reptiles in the reserve,which is related to the biological characteristics of amphibians and reptiles.The results above indicate that the diversity structure of amphibians and reptiles in Hupingshan Reserve is stable yet sensitive,which can be considered as a monitoring index for the biodiversity level in the reserve.