高铁线路对城市经济活动存在“集聚阴影”吗？——来自京沪高铁周边城市夜间灯光的证据

Does the High-Speed Rail Line have An "Agglomeration Shadow" Effect on Urban Economic Activities?——Evidence from Satellite Lights of Cities Around the Beijing-Shanghai High-Speed Railway

本文将高铁运营视为一项"准实验",在PSM&DID的方法下,运用2006-2013年夜间灯光数据检验高铁运营对城市经济活动是否存在"集聚阴影"效应。研究结果显示:高铁运营对城市经济活动存在"集聚阴影"效应,"集聚阴影"的范围为远离高铁站点车程时间距离80-260分钟。高铁运营对距离高铁站点80分钟车程以内的城市经济活动有积极影响,而对80-260分钟车程内城市经济活动有抑制影响,且随着距离的增加,其负向影响逐渐消失。此结论表明,高铁运营改变了周边城市经济活动的空间分布,距离高铁站80分钟以内的城市经济活动是以削弱"集聚阴影"范围内的地区经济为代价而增长的。本文创新之处在于,首次应用夜间灯光数据检验中国高铁运营对城市经济活动是否存在"集聚阴影"效应。高铁对城市经济活动"集聚阴影"效应的研究有助于缩小城市间差距,实现区域协调发展。

This paper regards the operation of high-speed rail as a"quasi-experiment",under the PSM&DID method,to investigate whether the operation of high-speed rail has a"agglomeration shadow"effect on urban economic activities by using satellite light data from 2006 to 2013.The results show that the operation of high-speed rail has a"agglomeration shadow"effect on the economic activities of cities around the line,the range of"agglomeration shadow"is 80-260 minutes away from the high-speed rail station.In other words,high-speed rail has a positive impact on the economic activities of the cities within 80 minutes away from the high-speed railway station,while has an negative effect on the economic activities of the cities within 80-260 minutes,the negative impact of high-speed rail on urban economic activities gradually vanished with the increase of distance.The results suggest that the spatial distribution of economic activities in surrounding cities is changed by the arrival of the high-speed rail,the economic growth within the areas of 80 minutes of high-speed rail may be at the expense of slide of the"agglomeration shadowing"areas.The innovations of this research lie in,for the first time,this paper applies satellite light data to examine whether there is a"agglomeration shadow"effect on the economic activities of the cities by the operation of high-speed rail.The study of"aggregate shadows"helps to narrow the gap between cities and realizeregional coordinated development.