基于有限元的汽车轻量化车身防追尾碰撞仿真

Anti-Rear-End Collision Simulation of Light-Weight Vehicle Body Based on Finite Element Method

为了提高汽车轻量化车身设计中防碰撞效能,提出基于有限元的汽车轻量化车身防追尾碰撞参数辨识模型,实现车身防追尾碰撞模型设计。分析碰撞动力学模型和力学参数,构建汽车轻量化车身追尾碰撞的动力学模型,在车辆概念模型中采用三自由度弹簧拉力测量方法进行车身碰撞的力学参数模拟,采用车辆与吸能元件的集中质量模拟方法进行碰撞过程中的有限元分析,运用静力弹塑性分析方法建立汽车轻量化车身防追尾碰撞的损伤控制模型。仿真结果表明,上述方法能有效模拟汽车轻量化车身追尾碰撞的力学过程,通过冲击动力学的参数准确估计,指导汽车轻量化车身的优化设计。

In order to improve the anti-collision efficiency in designing the automotive lightweight bodywork, this paper proposed a model of parameter identification for anti-rear-end collision of lightweight automobile body based on finite element to realize the design of rear-end collision avoidance model. Firstly, the dynamic model and mechanical parameters of collision were analyzed and the dynamic model of rear-end collision of lightweight bodywork was constructed. In the vehicle conceptual model, the method to measure the pulling force of three-degree-of-freedom spring was used to simulate the mechanical parameters of bodywork collision. In addition, the finite element analysis in the process of collision was conducted by the concentrated mass simulation of vehicle and energy absorbing element. Then, the static elastoplastic analysis was used to establish the damage control model of rear-end collision avoidance of lightweight bodywork. Simulation results show that the proposed method can effectively simulate the mechanical process of rear-end collision of lightweight bodywork and guide the optimization design of lightweight bodywork by accurately estimating the parameters of impact dynamics.