经典名方药用百合本草考证

Herbal textual research on triditional Chinese medicine "Baihe"( Lilii Bulbus)

为了明晰百合基原植物变迁沿革与加工炮制工艺,该文通过梳理古代医药文献对其进行了系统的本草考证。研究认为百合科植物野百合及其变种Lilium brownii var.viridulum为中国古代药用百合的正品。自宋代医家寇宗奭开始将百合科植物卷丹L.lancifolium作为药用百合品种使用,其后仍有一些明清医家效仿。但绝大多数医家认为其“不堪入药”,该文从此观点;山丹即百合科植物细叶百合L.pumilum,自《日华子本草》开始将其作为药用百合品种,但主要用于外科,功效也与传统百合功效不同。该文认为细叶百合这一品种不应作为传统药物百合使用,应作为另一种药物如“红百合”的来源品种使用。因此,《中国药典》2015年版记载百合的3个药用品种即卷丹、百合和细叶百合与我国传统用药规律并不完全相符。建议经典名方研发时选用野百合及其变种为药用百合的品种来源。药用百合的产地主要有甘肃成县、湖北荆州、安徽滁州以及山东菏泽。药用百合古代的炮制方法主要有生用(包括鲜品与干品)、炙法与蒸法3类,经典名方所使用的百合炮制方法应结合具体方剂进行选择。

To clarify the species and preparation of " Baihe"( Lilii Bulbus),a traditional Chinese medicine,we investigated the relative ancient Chinese literature on this medicine. The study concluded that Lilium brownii var. viridulum is the authentic lily for medical use. In the Ben Cao Yan Yi and some medical books in the Ming and Qing Dynasties,L. lancifolium( Juandan) was also mistakenly used as genuine lily,but most doctors believe that this variety should not be used for medicinal purposes;L. pumilum( Shandan)began to be used as a medicine from Ri Hua Zi Ben Cao,but mainly for surgery,the effect is also different from L. brownii var. viridulum. We suggested Shandan be used as the species for another medicine as " Hong Bai He( red lily) " due to its red flower. All above three species recorded in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia are not corresponded to the condition of ancient doctors’ uses. Therefore,as for developing of traditional classical formula,L. brownii var. viridulum should be chosen and used as Baihe. The birth places for Baihe include Gansu,Hubei,Anhui and Shandong province. The drug preparations of Baihe include crude medicine,roasting and steaming,which preparation should be chosen depends on the formula which contains Baihe.