2016～2017年儿科病区病原菌分布与耐药性分析

Distribution and Drug Resistance Analysis of Pathogenic Bacteria in Pediatric Department during 2016 and 2017

目的:分析喀什地区第一人民医院儿科病区病原菌的分布情况和耐药性特点,为临床诊疗提供参考依据。方法:收集2016年1月~2017年12月喀什地区第一人民医院儿科病区送检的细菌培养标本中分离的病菌种,分析病原菌分布情况、构成比及耐药率。结果:2年共分离出1067株病原菌,样本来源主要为痰。其中,G+菌共有380株,主要为金黄色葡萄球菌(18.70%~21.91%);G-菌共有640株,主要为大肠埃希菌(14.03%~16.00%)和肺炎克雷伯杆菌(14.43%~22.36%),其他菌株有47株。药敏结果显示,2016年和2017年大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯杆菌对同类抗菌药的耐药率基本相近,对亚胺培南、阿米卡星及替加环素具有高敏感性;金黄色葡萄球菌对万古霉素、呋喃妥因、利奈唑胺、奎奴普丁/达福普汀、替加环素100%敏感。结论:儿科病区的主要致病菌为大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯杆菌及金黄色葡萄球菌,对氨苄西林、头孢唑林、头孢曲松、青霉素G、红霉素等药物耐药。临床治疗应注意合理选择抗菌药以提高疗效,防止耐药不断发生。

Objective:To analyze the distribution and drug resistance characteristics of pathogenic bacteria in pediatric ward of First People's Hospital in Kashgar region,and to provide reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment.Methods:Pathogenic bacteria from all specimens of hospitalized patients in pediatric department of the hospital from January 2016 to December 2017 were collected.The distribution,composition and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria were analyzed.Results:A total of 1067 strains of pathogenic bacteria were isolated in the 2 years.The samples were mainly from sputum.Among them,380 strains of gram-positive bacteria,mainly staphylococcus aureus,accounted for 18.70%-21.91%.There were 640 strains of gram-negative bacteria,mainly escherichia coli and klebsiella pneumoniae accounting for 14.03%-16.00%and 14.43%-22.36%,respectively,and 47 strains of other strains.The drug sensitivity results indicated that the drug resistance rates of escherichia coli and klebsiella pneumoniae to antibiotics with The same type were basically similar in 2016 and 2017,and they were highly sensitive to imipenem,amikacin and tegacycline.Staphylococcus aureus was 100%sensitive to vancomycin,furantoin,linezolid,quinoputin/dafuptine and tegacycline.Conclusion:The main pathogenic bacteria in the pediatric area were escherichia coli,klebsiella pneumoniae and staphylococcus aureus,which were resistant to ampicillin,cefazolin,ceftriaxone,penicillin G,erythromycin and other drugs.Clinical treatment should pay attention to the rational selection of antimicrobial agents to improve the efficacy and prevent the occurrence of drug resistance.