迁移时间是否有利于我国农民工职业地位的提升?——基于职业同化的视角

Can the Prolonged Immigration Duration in the Urban Promote the Rural Migrants’ Occupational Status in China?——An Analysis From the Perspective of Occupational Assimilation

本文利用CLDS2014数据,采用工具变量分位数回归法(IVQR)和经济同化模型,检验农民工职业地位随迁移时间的动态演化及其作用机理。结果表明,我国农民工职业地位存在较强的异质性,低职业层级农民工的职业提升较难实现;尽管农民工的初始职业地位低于具有相同特征的城镇职工,但差距随迁移时长的增加而缩小,且此效应存在较强的异质性。提高农民工资源禀赋,促进其职业地位的上升性流动,并制订分群体分阶段的农民工市民化政策,是我国新型城镇化顺利推进的关键。

Based on the data of CLDS2014 and adopting the methods of instrument variable quantile regression(IVQR)and the Economic Assimilation Model proposed by Chiswick(1978),this paper tries to test the change of the rural migrant workers'absolute and relative occupation status with the prolonged migration duration in urban labor market and its causal mechanism.The results show that there is a strong heterogeneity in the occupational status among Chinese rural migrant workers,and the prolonged migration duration in the urban can promote the upward occupational mobility only for the rural migrants in middle and high quantile,but no promotion for those of the lower quantile.Though,the rural migrants’initial occupational status is generally lower than that of the urban workers with the same characteristics,the gap is convergent with the prolonged duration in urban labor market and with obvious heterogeneity among the rural migrants and those migrating around 2000 with relative abundant human capital and social capital recourse,have the least occupational disadvantage compared with urban workers and a faster occupational assimilation.Therefore,the Chinese new urbanization need the matching social policies of improving the endowment of rural migrants through school education,re-investment in human capital and social capital,to promote their occupational upward mobility,and the policies of differentiated citizenization of the rural migrant workers.