留守儿童获得了更多的家庭教育投入吗?——基于CEPS数据的实证分析

Do Left-behind Children Get More Educational Investment From Family? An Empirical Analysis Based on CEPS

本文利用中国教育追踪调查数据,全面考察了父母外出务工对留守儿童家庭教育投入的影响。实证结果表明,父母外出务工对留守儿童学校教育投入显著增加,但对校外课程费用的支出和是否参加各类校外课程具有显著负向效应,负向效应尤以母亲外出务工、城镇留守儿童和独生子女更为突出。运用工具变量构建处理效应模型解决内生性问题,并进行稳健性检验后结果仍然成立。机制分析表明,父母监管缺失、留守儿童家务时间增多和学生教育期望降低是影响校外教育投入的主要因素。本文结论表明,现有的户籍制度不利于留守儿童教育获得,应完善劳动力及其子女自由流动的相关政策,可以使其在父母陪伴下获得全面发展。

This paper,based on the data of China Education Panel Survey,explores the impacts of parental emigration for job on the family educational investments of children left behind.The results show that the parental emigration for job significantly increases the investment of left-behind children in formal schooling studies,but significantly decrease the educational investments for the after and outside school education and studies especially for those children left-behind with mother emigration,or in urban families,or families with only one children.The findings are supported by the treatment effect model constructed by instrumental tool variables to solve the endogenous problem,and the robustness test.The causes of such negative effects on children left-behind on their educational investments in the after and outside school education and studies include:the lack of parental supervision,the increase of household work time and the lower expectations of students'education.The findings of this paper imply that the existing residents registration system is not conducive to the education of left-behind children and the policies to improve the free labor flow with effective supports of children living together with their migrant parents are expected in future.