儿童及青少年甲状腺癌诊疗进展

Progress of diagnosis and treatment of thyroid carcinoma in children and adolescents

儿童及青少年甲状腺癌发病率逐年升高。与成人患者相比有恶性程度较高,但生存期较长的特点。临床表现为颈部包块、声音嘶哑等。诊断方式有超声、细针穿刺细胞学检查和分子诊断等。治疗方式主要为手术治疗、内分泌治疗、131Ⅰ治疗、靶向药物治疗,其中以手术治疗为主。笔者结合指南和儿童及青少年甲状腺癌研究的最新进展进行综述。

The incidence rates of thyroid carcinoma have been on a rise in children and adolescents. Thyroid carcinoma in this population presents a higher degree of malignancy, but a longer survival period compared with adult patients. The main clinical manifestations include neck mass and hoarseness. Diagnostic methods include ultrasound, fine needle cytology and molecular diagnosis. The treatment methods include surgery, endocrine therapy, 131 Ⅰ therapy and targeted drug therapy, among which surgery is the main treatment option. The authors address research progress in thyroid cancer in children and adolescents in combination with items proposed by the guidelines.