中国农产品加工业的产业集聚演化实证

Empirical Study on the Evolution of Industrial Agglomeration of China’s Agricultural Products Processing Industry

以2006-2016年中国(不包括港、澳、台地区)农产品加工业为例,从强调区域内外两方面因素出发,利用演化经济地理思维构建分析框架,探讨了产业集聚的演化机制。结果表明:①区域产业集聚演化是在区域内外部因素共同作用下路径依赖和路径创造的过程。②中国农产品加工业集聚水平的区域差异明显,地理集聚变化与产业转移高度相关;农产品加工业在中西部地区的集聚水平显著增强,表现出路径创造特征。分行业来看,中部地区对劳动力密集型农产品加工业的路径创造较为明显;长江中上游地区对原材料-资本密集型农产品加工业的路径创造突出,但烟草制品业集聚格局较为稳定,呈现出由区域路径锁定而导致的空间锁定特征。③对历史基础的依赖是影响农产品加工业集聚演化的关键,且是东部地区农产品加工业保持高水平集聚的最主要原因;产业转移显著推动了中西部地区农产品加工业的集聚;产业多样化与外商投资对农产品加工业集聚的影响存在明显的区域异质性,在东部表现为负向作用,在中西部表现为正向作用。

Evolutionary economic geography provides a new research perspective for the evolution of regional industrial agglomeration, but it has been questioned by the academic circles because of overemphasizing the role of regional internal factors. Taking the agricultural product processing industry of China(excluding Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan)from 2006 to 2016 as an example, this paper using evolutionary economic geography thinking to construct an analytical framework from internal and external factors to explore the geographic agglomeration pattern and evolution mechanism of industry. It show that: 1) The evolution of regional industrial agglomeration is a process of path dependence and path creation under the combined action of internal and external factors. 2) The regional difference of agglomeration level of agricultural products processing industry in China is obvious. The change of geographical agglomeration is highly correlated with industrial transfer. The agglomeration level of agricultural product processing industry in the central and western regions has increased significantly, showing the characteristics of path creation. In terms of sub-industries, the path creation of labor-intensive agricultural products processing industry is obvious in the central regions, and the path creation of raw material-capital intensive agricultural products processing industry is prominent in the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River. However, the agglomeration pattern of tobacco products industry is relatively stable,showing the characteristics of spatial locking caused by regional path locking. 3) Historical basics of agricultural product processing industry is the key factor for the agglomeration and evolution of agricultural product processing industry, it is the most important reason for the agglomeration of agricultural products processing industry in the eastern regions.Industrial transfer has significantly promoted the agglomeration of agricultural products processing industry in the central and western regions. The impact of industrial diversification and foreign investment on agricultural product processing industry agglomeration has obvious regional heterogeneity, showing a negative impact in the eastern regions and a positive impact in the central and western regions.