产业扶贫对民族地区贫困农户生计策略和收入水平的影响

The Impact of Industrial Poverty Alleviation on Livelihood Strategies and Income Levels of Poor Farmers in Ethnic Areas

文章利用贵州省3个民族自治贫困县341户贫困农户调研数据,采用Probit计量分析模型和广义精确匹配方法研究产业扶贫对民族地区贫困农户生计策略和收入水平的影响。研究发现:产业扶贫使民族地区贫困农户参与特色农产品种植、特色畜禽养殖生计模式的占比分别提升了13%和15%,但产业扶贫对民族地区贫困农户外出从事非农务工和经商活动影响并不明显;与此同时,产业扶贫项目实施显著提升了民族地区贫困农户的特色农产品种植收入、特色畜禽养殖收入和总收入水平,降低了外出从事非农务工活动收入,但产业扶贫对经商活动收入和贫困农户人均收入影响并不明显。因此,产业扶贫项目实施在提升民族地区贫困农户增收能力,实现脱贫致富目标的效果较为明显,民族地区贫困农户在产业扶贫项目引导下有更多的时间和精力分配给特色农产品种植、特色畜禽养殖等农业生产活动,并降低外出从事非农务工活动的时间,实现民族地区贫困农户生计模式向特色农业生产转移。

This paper studies the impact of industrial poverty alleviation on the livelihood strategies and income levels of poor farmers in ethnic areas with the survey data of 341 poverty-stricken farmers in three Ethnic autonomous poverty counties in Guizhou Province by means of the econometric analysis model Probit and with the method of generalized exact matching. The study has found that industrial poverty alleviation has increased the proportion of poverty-stricken farmers in ethnic areas participating in the cultivation of special agricultural products and characteristic livestock and poultry breeding by 13% and 15% respectively, whereas it has little effect on the non-agricultural work and business activities poor farmers in ethnic areas go out for. In the meanwhile, the implementation of industrial poverty alleviation projects has significantly improved the income of special agricultural products planted by poor farmers in ethnic areas, the income of special livestock and poultry farming and the total income level, and reduced the income of non-agricultural workers who go out to work, However, the impact of industrial poverty alleviation on the income of business activities and the per capita income of poor farmers is not obvious. Therefore, the implementation of industrial poverty alleviation projects is more effective in improving the income-increasing capacity of poor farmers in ethnic areas and achieving the goal of getting rid of poverty. Under the guidance of industrial poverty alleviation projects, poor farmers in ethnic areas have more time and energy to allocate to agricultural production activities such as special agricultural products cultivation and characteristic livestock and poultry breeding, and reduce the time spent on non-agricultural activities, thus realizing the transfer of the livelihood mode of poor farmers in ethnic areas to characteristic agricultural production.