1990～2015年吉林省西部耕地变化与“旱改水”时空特征研究

Changes of Croplands and Conversions from Dry Farmland to Paddy Field in Western Jilin Province during 1990～2015

以Landsat遥感影像为数据源,利用面向对象和决策树方法获得多期土地覆被数据;以此为基础,分析了1990~2015年吉林省西部耕地变化与旱田水田转化特征及驱动因素。结果表明:1990~2015年期间,吉林省西部耕地面积增加了2159.33 km^2,增速逐渐变缓。旱田面积在1990~2000和2000~2010年期间有小幅增加,但在2010~2015年期间呈减少趋势。水田面积持续扩张,25年间增加了1139.39 km^2(51.7%),旱田净转化为水田的面积不断增加,1990~2000年为69.13km^2,2000~2010年为156.19 km^2,2010~2015年为288.27 km^2。人口和经济的增长是导致耕地面积迅速增长的主要原因,影响水田面积扩张和旱田向水田转化的驱动因素有:科技进步、水利设施建设、政策倾向和利益驱动。最后提出了吉林省西部地区耕地保护的建议,为区域农业生产和生态建设提供科学借鉴。

Studying the changes of croplands in the western Jilin Province and the transformation process of paddy field in dry farmland are of great significance to the rational utilization of regional natural resources. Using remote sensing imagery as a data source,this paper uses a combination of object-oriented and decision trees to obtain information on land use. This study analysis the characteristic changes of cropland and paddy land and dry farmland and driving factors. The results show that:during the period from 1990 to 2015,the area of croplands in the western Jilin Province has increased by 2 157.33 km^2,and the growth rate has gradually slowed down.The area of dry farmland has increased slightly during 1990~2000 and 2000~2010. However,there was a decreasing trend during 2010~2015. The area of paddy field has continued to expand,which has increased by1 139.39 km^2(51.7%)in 25 years. The area of the net conversion of dry farmland into paddy field is continuously increasing. It was 69.13 km^2 during 1990~2000,156.19 km^2 during 2000~2010,and 288.27 km^2 during 2010~2015. Population and economic growth are the main reasons for the rapid growth of croplands. The driving factors that affect the expansion of paddy field and the conversion of dry farmland to paddy field are:scientific and technological progress,construction of water conservancy facilities,policy orientation and interest-driven. This paper puts forward suggestions for the protection of croplands in the western part of Jilin Province,and provides scientific reference for regional agricultural production and ecological construction.