缺位者带来的意义反转——《孔乙己》的语言和态度中的现代性反讽分析

The meaning reversal brought by“the absence” ——An analysis of modern irony in the language and attitude of Kong Yiji

《孔乙己》文本在表面的语言和态度里,展示了在公共领域里孔乙己基于虚假信息、虚伪态度对应酒客及掌柜的基于真实信息、常理批评的以失败告终的交流过程。但文本深层潜隐的小伙计态度的变化、酒客和掌柜内在性的缺位、孔乙己内在性的丰满等信息却行使着带领读者质疑常理的功能。这种表面意义与深层意义的对位构成了一种深具现代性的反讽功能。在这种反讽里,隐含作者对假想读者的期待在语境方面所施加的压力非常小,期待着更深层的对文化常规的反思,它是以对读者的尊重和信任为前提的,因而使文本更具启蒙意义。

In the superficial language and attitude of Kong Yiji shows Kong Yiji’s failed communication process in the public sphere with the drinkers and the shopkeeper,in which the former spoke on false information and false attitude while the latter spoke on real information and common sense criticism.However,the underlying information of the text,such as the change of the attitude of the little guys,the absence of the immanence of the drinkers and shopkeepers,and the richness of Kong Yiji’s innateness,plays the role of encouraging the readers to question the common sense. The antithesis of surface meaning and deep meaning constitutes a kind of irony function with modernity.In this kind of irony,the implied author exerts little pressure on the context of the expectation of the fictitious reader,expecting a deeper reflection on the cultural convention based on the respect and trust of the reader,thus making the text more enlightening.