从“视域交融”到“听域交融”——对伽达默尔解释学的一种批判性理解

From “the fusion of horizons” to “the fusion of hearing threshold” ——A critical understanding of Gadamer’s hermeneutics

"视域交融"是伽达默尔解释学哲学的核心概念,该概念的出现,是西方视觉优先的思想文化传统与胡塞尔、海德格尔等人思想的合力共同影响的结果。"视域交融"概念的提出自然有其重要的思想意义,但它在超越单向的主体性视域的过程中,实际上又仍然继承甚至更加凸显了传统的视觉中心主义文化当中所蕴含的一些思想弊端,比如相对主义、在场形而上学等。除此之外,该概念的论述还存在与伽达默尔解释学体系中的其他概念比如问答逻辑自相矛盾、互不兼容的问题。我们在吸收现代西方现象学中的"倾听"思想的基础上,尝试提出"听域交融"这样一个全新的概念。从其实现途径和本体论基础来说,"听域交融"概念的建构有其可能性;从其超越"视域交融"中所存在的各种缺陷,和更好地追问及显示存在的角度来说,"听域交融"概念有其建构的必要性。

"The fusion of horizons"is the core concept of Gadamer’s hermeneutical philosophy.The emergence of this concept is the result of the joint influence of the cultural tradition of visual priority in the Western and the thought of Husserl and Heidegger.The advance of "the fusion of horizons"has its important significance,while it,in the process of transcending the one-sided subjective vision,actually inherits and even highlights some shortcomings of the traditional culture of visual centralism,such as relativism,metaphysics of presence. The analysis of the concept also has contradictory and incompatible problems with "the logic of question and answer",one important concept in Gadamer ’s hermeneutical system. On the basis of absorbing the listening thought in modern western phenomenology,we try to put forward a new concept of "the fusion of hearing threshold"in the paper.From its approach of realization and the ontological foundation,the construction of the concept of"the fusion of hearing threshold"has its possibility;from the perspective of transcending the various defects of "the fusion of horizons"and better questioning and appearing the being,it has its necessity.