20世纪美国的黑人史书写及其对美国史的影响

American Black History Writing and Its Influence on American History in the 20th Century

20世纪60年代是美国黑人史书写的分水岭。它逐渐从传统的贡献论、斗争论转向黑人共同体及其文化。美国黑人试图从自身的视角理解美国历史与现状,进而通过新黑人史加强自我意识、自尊和族群凝聚力,寻求作为一个集团在政治上合一到美国社会中去的机会。70年代中期以后,此种新黑人史书写虽然并未在民族主义方向上持续发展,但是,它的亚文化族群特征逐渐改变了美国史主体架构,与其他新兴的边缘群体史学一起,严厉谴责美国过去的罪恶,最终解构了传统美国史。八九十年代以后,经由大众传播和学校历史教育,"碎片化"的新美国史引发文化身份认同、多元文化教育、乃至国家分裂的激烈争论。

The 1960 s marked a watershed in the writing of American black history.It gradually shifted from the traditional theories of contribution and struggle to the black community and its culture.African Americans tried to understand the history and current situation of the United States from their own perspective,strengthen their selfconsciousness,self-esteem and ethnic cohesion through the new black history,and seek the opportunity to integrate into the American society politically as a group.After the mid-1970 s,although the writing of new black history books did not develop continuously in the direction of nationalism,its subculture and ethnic characteristics gradually changed the main structure of American history.Together with the history writing of other emerging marginalized groups,they severely condemned the past sins of the United States and finally deconstructed the traditional American history.After the 1980 sand 1990 s,through mass communication and school history education,the new "fragmented"American history triggered fierce debates on cultural identity,multicultural education and even national division.