城市道路与城市居民收入差距——基于中国272个城市的研究

Urban Roads and Urban Residents’ Income Gap——Based On Research in 272 Cities in China

城市道路的逐渐完善,对我国经济的发展产生了深远的影响。通过建立理论模型,在分析城市道路对城市规模影响效应的基础上,探究城市道路对我国城市居民收入差距的影响效应与作用机制。通过匹配2005年我国1%人口抽样调查数据和272个城市的相关数据,进行实证检验。研究指出,随着城市道路的发展,城市规模呈扩张趋势;城市道路通过影响城市规模,正向推动城市收入差距扩大。进一步研究发现,在经济水平较高与规模较大的城市,城市道路对城市居民收入差距的正向效应较小;而在经济发展水平较低或规模较小的城市,城市道路对城市居民收入差距的正向效应较大,表明城市道路对城市居民收入差距的影响存在异质性。

With the continuous advancement of the urbanization in China,the urban roads have gradually improved,and has brought a profound impact on the economic and social development of the city.Based on the establishment of the theoretical model and the analysis of the influence from the urban roads on the optimal city size,this paper analyzed the impact and functionality mechanism of the urban roads on the income gap of the urban residents.By using the 2015 one-percent national sample census data and the data of 272 cities in China,we conducted an empirical test.Our research shows that,with the development of the urban roads,the scale of cities is expanding,and the urban roads are playing a positive role in promoting the enlargement of the urban income gap by affecting the size and commuting costs of the cities.Further research has found that the positive effect of the urban roads on the urban income gap is small in the cities with a higher economic level and a large scale,while the positive effect of the urban roads on the urban income gap is large in the cities with a lower economic development or a small scale.It shows that the impact of the urban roads on the urban income gap exhibits the heterogeneity.