权利与共同体——族群多样性的论辩及国家边界

Right and Communities: National Borders of Ethnic Diversity

从血缘、地缘到精神,共同体有一个变迁的过程。作为制度性的共同体,国家在公共治理方面承担着重要的责任。在国家治理的政治叙事中,或基于文化,或基于利益,族群的多样性同样伴随着国家的形成及其变迁。在早期国家形成过程中,国家治理与族群治理无异;在民族国家及现代社会建立过程中,基于族群的国家治理开始显示其内部异质性的特征,但是这种异质性总体上仍然体现为国家治理目标正义性与治理手段平等性之间的张力,体现为少数权利的差异性与国家治理整体性之间的张力。在少数权利生长的条件下,社会微观治理的权利本位逐渐被纳入国家治理体系,因此现代多族群的国家治理需要正视异质性与少数权利的存在,在公共治理的再平衡中体现目标一致性与政策多样性的融合。

From the blood, the geography to the spirit, the community has a process of change. As an institutional community, the state has an important responsibility for public governance. In the political narrative of state governance, either based on culture or based on interests, the diversity of ethnic groups is also accompanied by the formation and change of the state. In the process of the formation of the early countries, national governance and ethnic governance are no different;in the process of establishing the nation-state and modern society, ethnic-based national governance began to show its internal heterogeneity,but this heterogeneity still reflects The tension between the justice of the state governance goal and the equality of governance means is reflected in the tension between the difference of minority rights and the integrity of state governance. Under the condition of the rise of minority rights, the rights of social microgovernance are gradually incorporated into the national governance system. Therefore, the national governance of modern multi-ethnic groups needs to face the existence of heterogeneity and minority rights,as well as reflect the integration of goal consistency and policy diversity in the rebalancing of public governance.