自然的人化、自由的形式与情感的境象——后现代语境下美的本质的再探索

Humanization of Nature, Free Form and Emotional Realm-Image——Re-exploring of the Nature of Beauty under the Post-Modernism

美的本质是美学学科的核心问题,无法回避。过去在这个问题上之所以争论不休,以致成为"伪问题"被有意识忽略,一个重要的原因是人们忽视了问题域之区分:"美是什么"或"美的本质"的隐含主体是人类,而人们却常常从个体主体的具体审美活动或个体的审美感受出发去讨论这一问题。换言之,在追问美的本质的时候,人们混淆了类主体与个体主体两个层次。要解决这一问题,就要厘清问题域之所属,区分类主体和个体主体。类主体是人类学实践本体论哲学讨论美的本质的出发点。在这个层面上说,"美是自然的人化",是"自由的形式"。个体主体是实践美学的个体生存论维度的出发点。在这个层面上说,美是由于对象的某种形式或形象在主体心理上引起情感共鸣或愉悦感受而形成的主客合一的、某种具有自由联想和想象的"境象",它包含两个方面:首先它是一种"象",其次,它是包含象但超越象的"境"。

What is the nature of beauty is the key point of discipline of aesthetics. An important reason of being argument about this issue is that because most of people ignore the difference of two aspects: the human beings as a subject of category-humankind-exist and a subject of sole individualistic exist. When people ask what is the essence of beauty, they mean there is a potential humankind-subject as an actor of aesthetic activity or the creature of aesthetic value. For only when there is a category subject, the value of beauty or ugliness should exist. However, people always to discuss this question from the angle of individual-subject. Nonetheless, the two aspects, category-humankind subject and individual or personal subject, should be distinguished clearly. They are two aspects or layers. Of course, they are related each other. The prior is the base of the later. To consider from the category-humankind subject, the essence of beauty is the " humanization of nature" and a kind of " free form". To consider from the individualistic subject, it is a kind of union of subject-object emotional realm-image.