献血不良反应与献血者流失关系的研究

Study on the relationship between adverse reactions of blood donation and blood donor loss

目的调查献血者发生献血不良反应后再次献血的情况,分析献血不良反应对献血者流失的影响,为采供血机构持续改进献血服务提供参考。方法利用采血信息系统调取2012年1月-2016年12月发生献血不良反应的献血者档案,做回顾性调查并对其进行电话回访,收集信息后对数据进行分析。结果2012年1月-2016年12月在大连地区参加无偿献血的248202人中,发生献血不良反应并进行登记的有322人,发生反应后继续献血者96人,占比29.8%,相比未发生不良反应的献血者的再次献血率降低16.7%(后者再次献血率46.5%)。发生献血不良反应时是初次献血者的再次献血率为13.6%低于发生反应时为重复献血者再次献血率的55.6%(P<0.05)。反应症状较重的献血者再次献血率为17.8%低于反应症状较轻献血者再次献血率的33.3%(P<0.05)。发生以全身表现为主的献血反应者再次献血率为27.7%低于发生以局部表现为主的反应者再次献血率的45%(P<0.05)。结论献血不良反应的发生给献血者带来负面体验,是造成献血者流失的1个重要因素,采供血机构应当对工作人员加强培训,提高献血不良反应的预防、处置、护理及回访工作的质量,确保献血者安全,以此提高重复献血率,做好献血者保留工作来巩固固定献血者队伍。

Objective To investigate the situation of re-donations after an adverse reaction of blood donation,analyze the impact of adverse reactions of blood donation on the loss of blood donors,and provide reference for continuous improvement of blood donation services for blood seevice centers.Methods The blood collection information system was used to retrieve the blood donor files that reported blood donation adverse reactions during January 2012 to December 2016,retrospective surveys and telephone interviews were conducted,the information and data were collected and analyzed.Results 248202 of whole-blood donations in Dalian were counted from January 2012 to December 2016.There were 322 people reported adverse reactions of blood donation and registered,and 96 people continued to donate after the reaction,accounting for 29.8%,which was 16.7%lower than the re-giving rate of blood donors who did not have adverse reactions(the latter had a re-giving rate of 46.5%).In the case of adverse reactions of blood donation,the re-giving rate of the first blood donors was 13.6%,and it was lower than that of the repeated blood donors,which was 55.6%.The difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The re-giving rate of the blood donors with heavier reaction symptoms was 17.8%,and it was lower than that of the blood donors with lighter reaction symptoms,which was 33.3%.The difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The rate of re-giving of donors with A-type adverse reactions was 27.7%,which was lower than 45%of the rate of re-giving of donors with B-type adverse reactions.The difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion The occurrence of adverse reactions of blood donation brings negative experiences to blood donors,which is an important factor on the loss of blood donors.The blood service centers should strengthen training for staff to improve the quality of prevention,treatment,care and return visits for adverse reactions of blood donation,ensure the safety of blood donors,thereby increase the rate of repeated blood donation,and then deliver good service for donor retention to consolidate the team of royal blood donors.