中国高等教育普及化的总体方位、实践样态与未来进路

Overall Orientation, Practice Pattern and Future Approach of Popularization of Higher Education

进入普及化阶段是当前中国高等教育发展的时代特征。从纵向、横向比较看,我国高等教育普及化呈现出基础薄弱、跨越式提升的特征,目前发展规模已跃入世界中上水平,但仍属于低度普及化国家;从形势预测看,未来我国高等教育规模可能呈现出高位低速增长态势。中国高等教育普及化实践的历史样态总体上可以归结为坚持政府主导、推进体制改革、分阶重点鲜明、力促分类发展和加大资源保障。未来需要进一步探索体制机制改革,保持规模适度发展,实现分类发展形神兼具,优化经费保障结构并凝练中国特色高等教育普及化理论。

Entering the stage of popularization is the characteristic of the era in the development of higher education in China.From the vertical and horizontal perspectives,the popularization of higher education in China shows the characteristics of weak foundation and leapfrog upgrading.At present,the scale of development has leaped into the middle and upper level of the world,but it still belongs to a lowlevel popularization country.From the situation forecast,the scale of higher education in China may show a high-level and low-speed growth trend in the future.The historical pattern of China’s higher education popularization practice was to adhere to the government-led,promote the reform of the system,focus on distinct levels,promote classified development and increase resource guarantee.In the future,we need to further explore the reform of the system and mechanism,maintain a moderate scale of development,achieve classified development of both form and spirit,optimize the structure of funding guarantee and refine the theory of popularization of higher education with Chinese characteristics.