万历四十六年陕西《明武科题名记》碑考释

Research and Interpretation of Ming Wuke Entilement Stele of the 46th Year of Wanli in Ming Dynasty, Shaanxi

小雁塔为明代陕西武举题名处,西安博物院藏有明万历四十六年(1618年)陕西《明武科题名记》碑一通。碑文述及后金反明、明军辽东失利及对努尔哈赤的痛斥,却躲过了清朝文字狱。边患骤起,武举主考官巡抚陕西监察御史王雅量督促陕西武科乡试中举者报效国家。碑文述及武举乡试的主要考试内容,其中举石一项反映了举重在明末武举乡试中具有重要地位。60个题名中,可以辨认考生籍贯者55人,可以辨认考生身份者54人。籍贯今陕西者49人,今甘肃者3人,今宁夏者3人。来自卫所军事系统者38人,来自地方者17人。在可以辨清考生身份的54人中:武举9人、武生19人、卫指挥3人、千户4人、百户9人、应袭6人、总旗2人、把总官1人、舍人1人。经考证,4名中举者后与后金、清军作战。该碑对于研究明末西北武科乡试内容、考生籍贯身份特征及西北史地均有重要价值。

Xiaoyan Pagoda is the place for entitlement of military officers(Wuju)in Shaanxi Province in the Ming Dynasty.The Ming Wuke Entilement stele stowed in Xi’an Museum dates back to the 46 th year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty(1618).The inscription describes the anti-Ming actions by the Late Jin,the defeat of Ming army in Liaodong and the denunciation of Nurhachi,yet the stele survived the Qing Dynasty literary prison.As frontier conflicts suddenly aroused,the then chief examiner of Wuju,inspector of Shaanxi Province,Wang Yaliang,urged the winners of Shaanxi military township examination(Wuke)to serve the country.The inscription describes the subjects of the Wuke,including stone lifting which reflects the importance of weightlifting in the exam at the end of the Ming Dynasty.Amongst the 60 title winners,55 people‘s native places can be identified and 54 identities are clear,thus 49 from Shaanxi,3 from Gansu and 3 from Ningxia.Other classification tells that 38 hold military posts and 17 are from local area.Among the 54 whose identities are clear,there are 9 Wuju holders,19 Wusheng holders,3 guard commanders,4 chiefs of thousand-households,9 chiefs of hundred-households,6 inheritors,2 platoon leaders,1 battalion commander and 1 aristocrat.Textual research indicates that 4 of them fought against the Late Jin and Qing armies.The tablet is of great value to the study of Wuke township examination in the late Ming Dynasty,which can make significant contribution to the study of history and geography of Northwest China.