山东冠县出土明钱楷夫妇墓志铭考释

Research and Interpretation of the Epitaph of the Qian Kai Couple Unearthed in Guan County, Shandong Province

2009年,山东冠县贾镇发现明代钱氏家族墓葬群,连同此前出土家族墓志铭共7通,其中尤以钱楷夫妇墓志铭最为珍贵。墓主钱楷祖籍河南固始,始祖钱聚迁居冠县贾镇,三世钱济任南京陪都四川道监察御史。此后,钱氏家族科考渐有起色。钱楷之父钱继先中省试三等,叔钱继志以邑庠生入国子监读书,官至直隶吴桥知县。墓主钱楷生于嘉靖十五年(1536年)九月二日,卒于万历三十一年(1603年)九月九日,嘉靖四十三年(1564年)乡试第二名,四十四年(1565年)中进士。出任安邑、临颍知县,后任户部、工部、刑部主事。在刑部主事任上得罪权相张居正,遭革职。张居正去世后,起用为户部郎中,任河间太守。后任陕西按察司副使兼洮岷兵备道,因遭火落赤围困战败受牵连,最终告别仕途。该墓志铭记述了钱楷的家世、生平,内容涉及明朝中后期的多起重大政治事件,对了解鲁西仕宦家族史以及明中后期政治生态有重要价值。

The cemetery of the Qian family of the Ming Dynasty was discovered in Jiazhen of Guan County of Shandong Province in 2009.Among the 7 unearthed epitaphs,the one of Qian Kai and his wife is considered most precious.Qian Ju,Qian Kai’s ancestor,moved the Qian family to Jiazhen from Gushi of Henan Province.The third generation ancestor Qian Ji served as the imperial inspector of Nanjing Sichuan Road.Since then,the Qian family gradually boomed through imperial examination.Qian Kai’s father,Qian Jixian ranked the third grade in provincial examination.His uncle Qian Jizhi went to the imperial college to study and later became county magistrate.Qian Kai was born on September 2,1536,and died on September 9,1603.He served as the county magistrate successively of Anyi and Linying,and later as the officer of the Ministry of Household,the Ministry of Construction and the Ministry of Justice.He was dismissed from the position of the Ministry of Justice because he offended the then prime Zhang Juzheng.After Zhang Juzheng’s death,he raised again as mid-level cadre of Ministry of Household and the magistrate of Hejian.Later,he served as the deputy director of the investigation department of Shanxi and held a concurrent post in Tao Min armed force.He was implicated in the defeat of the Mongolian tribe Huo Luo Chi,and finally bid farewell to his political career.The epitaph records Qian Kai’s career and his family history.The content involves many major political events in the middle and late Ming Dynasty,which makes the epitaph of great significance to understand the bureaucratic family history in Shandong’s western areas and the political ecology in the middle and late Ming Dynasty.