时间标准与仪式化表征：新中国70年的节日变迁

Time Standard and Ritualized Representation: The Changes of Festivals During the Past 70 Years in China

中国的节日凝结着中华民族的民族情感和文化血脉,承载着中国人的国家统一、民族团结、社会和谐等根本追求。然而,当前的节日研究多聚焦于节日民俗志或民族志的撰写,对理论探讨重视不够。以时间标准和仪式化表征为分析框架,探析新中国70年节日变迁机制与各阶段的差异化特征,可以发现节日变迁是由国家政治合法性建构和民众在现代化进程中的持续个体实践所共同形塑的。从社会控制的角度而言,强调节日所维系的一种秩序代表着国家或集体意志;而对于社会发展而言,节日变迁也代表了民众精神与物质生活中"现代性"不断增强的过程。把握这一机制,有助于反思节日体系建设,探索节日未来发展形态。

Chinese festivals condense the national feelings and cultural blood of the Chinese nation,and carry the fundamental pursuit of reunification of the motherland,national unity and social harmony,etc.However,most of the current festival studies focus on the festival folklore or ethnography,and pay less attention to the theoretical study.Taking the time standard and ritualized representation as the analysis framework,this paper analyzes the mechanism of 70 years’festival changes in China and the different characteristics of each stage.It can be found that the festival change is jointly shaped by the construction of national political legitimacy and the continuous individual practice of the people in the process of modernization.From the perspective of social control,it emphasizes the order maintained by festivals,which represents the will of the state or the collective;and for social development,festival changes also represent the process of increasing"modernity"in people’s spiritual and material life.To grasp this mechanism is helpful to reflect on the construction of festival system and explore the future development pattern of festival.