2～5岁儿童反复发生上呼吸道感染影响因素分析

Analysis of influencing factors of 2-5 years old children with recurrent upper respiratory tract infection

目的研究2~5岁儿童反复发生上呼吸道感染(RRTI)的影响因素,旨在降低儿童RRTI发病率。方法选取2018年1~12月在苏州市立医院(以下简称“我院”)儿科门诊就诊的RRTI患儿100例作为观察组。另取同期于苏州市立医院儿保科体检儿童100名作为对照组。比较两组儿童的基线资料及全血多元素水平,通过Logistic回归分析儿童RRTI的影响因素。结果经单因素分析可得,儿童RRTI与母亲文化程度、父母过敏史、家庭成员吸烟、户外活动、年抗菌药物使用次数及入托有关(均P<0.05)。观察组患儿全血多元素中铁、钙、锌、铜水平低于对照组(均P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,母亲文化程度高中及以下(OR=1.495,95%CI:1.244~5.933)、父母有过敏史(OR=1.195,95%CI:1.088~3.405)、家庭成员吸烟(OR=1.294,95%CI:1.105~3.954)、户外活动<2 h/d(OR=1.944,95%CI:1.774~4.582)、年抗菌药物使用次数≥3次(OR=4.823,95%CI:3.845~10.835)、入托(OR=1.673,95%CI:1.553~2.384)、缺铁(OR=1.384,95%CI:1.104~4.982)、缺钙(OR=1.275,95%CI:1.027~3.225)、缺锌(OR=1.055,95%CI:1.958~4.958)、缺铜(OR=1.296,95%CI:1.022~3.656)均是儿童反复发生RRTI的危险因素(均P<0.05)。结论母亲文化程度高中及以下、父母有过敏史、家庭成员吸烟、户外活动<2 h/d、年抗菌药物使用次数≥3次、入托以及全血多元素不足均会增加2~5岁儿童发生RRTI的风险。针对上述因素予以相应的防治措施,均可能降低RRTI的概率。

Objective To study the influencing factors of 2-5 years old children with recurrent upper respiratory tract infection(RRTI),and to provide a reference for significantly reducing the incidence of RRTI in children.Methods A total of 100 cases of RRTI children in Pediatric Outpatient of Suzhou Municipal Hospital(hereinafter referred to as“our hospital”)from January to December 2018 were selected as the observation group.Another 100 children who had physical examination in Pediatric Department of our hospital during the same period were selected as the control group.The baseline data and blood multielement levels of children in the two groups were compared,and the influencing factors of RRTI in children were analyzed by Logistic regression.Results Univariate analysis showed that RRTI in children was related to mother′s educational level,parents′allergy history,family members′smoking,outdoor activities,annual use of antibiotics and nursery care(all P<0.05).The levels of iron,calcium,zinc and copper in the children of the observation group were lower than those in the control group(all P<0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk factors for RRTI recurrence of children were:mothers with high school education level and below(OR=1.495,95%CI:1.244-5.933),parents with allergy history(OR=1.195,95%CI:1.088-3.405),family members′smoking(OR=1.294,95%CI:1.105-3.954),outdoor activity<2 h/d(OR=1.944,95%CI:1.774-4.582),annual use of antibiotics≥3 times(OR=4.823,95%CI:3.845-10.835),nursery care(OR=1.673,95%CI:1.553-2.384),iron deficiency(OR=1.384,95%CI:1.104-4.982),calcium deficiency(OR=1.275,95%CI:1.027-3.225),zinc deficiency(OR=1.055,95%CI:1.958-4.958)and copper deficiency (OR = 1.296, 95%CI: 1.022-3.656) (P < 0.05). Conclusion The risk of RRTI in children aged 2-5 years is increased by mothers with high school education and below, parents with allergy history, family members smoking, outdoor activities < 2 h/d, annual use of antibiotics ≥3 times, nursery care and inadequate blood multielement. The risk of RRTI may be reduced by taking corresponding preventive measures against the above factors.