包容与合作:大数据时代政府数据开放的行政法治理念

Inclusiveness and Cooperation: the Idea of Rule of Administrative Law of Government Data Opening in the Era of Big Data

及时、高质、安全的政府数据开放需要治理念引导。以法治方式化解政府数据开放中“不愿、不敢、不公”现象,应秉承包容发展理念,建构包含物质激励和精神激励相结合原则、避风港原则、违法归责原则、免费原则、同等开放原则的法律制度;化解“不会、不快、不优”现象,应秉承合作治理理念,建构包含自由参与原则、“三分”原则、元数据共享原则、完整性原则、一致性原则的法律制度。包容发展与合作治理理念弥补控权理念的不足,致力于提高行政任务执行力和社会需求回应力,是推进国家治理能力提升,构建全民共享格局的重要一环。

Timely,high-quality and safely opening of government data requires the guidance of the rule of law.To resolve the“unwilling,dare not and unfair”phenomena in government data opening through the rule of law,we should uphold the concept of inclusive development.We need to construct a legal system that includes the principle of combination of material and spiritual incentives,the principle of safe harbor,the principle of imputation for violations,the principle of free,and the principle of equal openness.To resolve the“not able,not fast,not good”phenomenon,we should uphold the concept of cooperative governance and build a legal system that includes the principle of free participation,the principle of“three divisions”,the principle of metadata sharing,the principle of integrity and the principle of consistency.The concept of inclusive development and cooperative governance makes up for the deficiency of the concept of power control,and is committed to improve the ability to carry out administrative tasks and respond to social needs.It plays an important role of promoting national governance capacity and building a pattern of sharing by all people.