国外公众共用物理论对我国环境资源治理的启示

The Enlightenment of Foreign Commons Theory on the Governance of the Environmental Resources in China

公众共用物这类资源在国外学理上研究比较多,其并不是我国学者在世界范围内的首创,而是针对我国国家时代需要与公众利益要求在我国法治话语下的正式提出。尤其新时代新时期绿色发展背景下,作为公众物质基础与精神追求的这类物在我国是不能忽视的。"公众共用物commons"这一术语最早由哈丁正式提出,其相关理论在学理上不断发展,形成稳固的理论或模型,主要有公共池塘资源理论、开放进入理论、半公众共用物理论、公众共用物喜剧理论、全球公众共用物理论及其他理论。公众共用物理论在不同层面得到不断研究,其与公共财产或共同财产具有相似性,最主要的是,其是对每个人开放的资源,公众对其权利是共同权利或公众的共同享用权,并不是私人权利或国有权利,对这类资源的治理路径主要有私有化、政府规制以及共同治理三条,但最为重要的是不能脱离财产理论。因此,国外公众共用物理论演进启示我国环境资源治理理论的不断完善,我国对公众共用物的保护应建立具体的、专门的制度与机制来保障。

There are a lot of studies on the resources of commons in foreign countries.It is not the first one in the world by Chinese scholars,but it is rather formally put forward under the rule of law of discourse in China in accordance with the need of China’s national era and the public interest requirements.Especially under the background of green development in the new era and new period,this kind of thing as public material basis and spiritual pursuit cannot be ignored in our country.The term of the commons has been first officially defined by Harding,the relevant theories have been developing on the academic,forming a solid theory or model,mainly including common pool resources theory,open access theory,semi-commons theory,theory of commons comedy,theory of global commons and other theories.The commons’theories have gotten researched at different levels.It is similar to the public property or common property,and the most important thing is that it is a resource open to everyone.And the rights of the public to commons are common rights or the rights of the public’common enjoying and use,not private or state-owned rights.The governance ways of this kind of resources mainly include privatization,government regulation and the common governance,but the most important thing is not to get rid of the property theory.Therefore,the evolution of the theories of commons in foreign countries suggests that the theory of environmental resources governance in China should be constantly improved,and our country should establish concrete,specific systems and mechanisms to guarantee the protection of commons.