发达国家天然气零售市场改革经验及启示

Experience and enlightenment of natural gas retail market reform in developed countries

中国当前对城市管道燃气经营实施特许经营制度。美国、法国和日本天然气零售市场改革分别采取完全零售竞争模式、拆分原有配售一体企业模式、引进独立售气企业模式。这些国家政府在城市燃气发展过程中,通常赋予城市燃气企业特许经营权,先行开展上游资源供应市场化改革,在实现气源多元化竞争后再进行下游零售市场改革。建议中国借鉴日本的改革模式,在不拆分原配售企业售气部门的前提下,引进独立的售气企业,原有配售企业为其提供无差别的公平接入服务。近期应以完善现行燃气特许经营制度为主,远期可以试点先行、分阶段推进配售分离。

China currently implements the franchise system for urban pipeline gas management.There are such modes as the complete retail competition,splitting the original distribution-sales integrated enterprise mode,introducing the independent gas sales enterprise mode for natural gas retail market reform in the United States,France and Japan respectively.In the process of urban gas development,the governments of these countries usually grant franchise rights to urban gas enterprises carry out market-oriented reform of upstream resource supply first and then implement reform of downstream retail market after realizing diversified competition of gas sources.It is suggested that China should learn from the reform model of Japan and introduce independent gas sales enterprises on the premise of not splitting the gas selling department of the original distribution enterprises.Gas franchising system should be improved in the near future and the separation of distribution and sale can be piloted in advance and gradually phased way in the long run.