对中国非常规油气开发的建议——美国致密油开发的经验与启示

Recommendations for China’s unconventional oil and gas development——Experience and implication from the US tight oil development

美国非常规油气的开发经验包括:较高的开发速度促进了区带优化,提高了盈利水平;一流的钻完井技术与供应链管理能力对非常规资源开发至关重要;常规盆地重生和转型表明,开发目标要多元化,不能仅着眼于页岩。这些经验对中国的启示是:关注非页岩和非海相沉积;区带的开发重点是盆地一体化;各区带存在较大差异性,技术挑战和解决方案不同;并非全部采用水平井,也没有必要全部压裂;增加水平段长度和压裂级数、簇数和支撑剂用量可提高单井产量;不应片面追求单井成本最小化,成本高的井可带来较高单井产能。中国资源基础庞大,但中国的情况与美国截然不同,油气资源开发面临许多独特而重大的挑战。中国需加强对话与合作,并对国内上游开发进行全面战略性升级;采取盆地一体化战略,油气并举,重点开发复合性致密常规和复合石油系统、湖相或海相,碳酸盐岩和碎屑岩互层区;确定较低热成熟度、多相流体等更优开发层段,持续提高单井产量和总体采收率;发展世界一流的技术能力等。

The experience of the US unconventional development includes that the higher development speed promotes zone optimization and improves profit,the first-class drilling and well completion technology and supply chain management are essential for unconventional resource development,the regeneration and transformation of conventional basins indicate that the goal should be diversified,not just shale.The reference for China are that keeping eyes on non-shale and non-marine sediment,embracing a"whole-basin"strategy,distinguishing great differences among districts,technical challenges and solutions in every district,avoiding the way by all using horizontal wells and fracturing,increasing the length of the horizontal segment and the number of fracturing stages,clusters,and proppant used to increase the well yield,avoiding to pursuit of single well cost minimization since wells with high cost can bring high single-well productivity.With an enormous resource base totally different from that of the US,China faces many unique and significant challenges to the development of its domestic oil and gas resources.China must elevate its dialogue and efforts around domestic upstream development to a more holistic,strategic level.Moreover,China should embrace a"whole-basin"strategy target stacked benches of tight conventional and hybrid petroleum systems,of lacustrine or marine sources,in interbedded carbonates and/or clastics,and both oil and gas.Additional,it should target better plays and zones for development(e.g.,lower thermal maturity,multi-phase,etc.),and continuous improvement in well-productivity and total recovery should be treated as priority.It is also vital to develop world-class capabilities.