膝关节内外松解术结合Ilizarov外固定术治疗儿童膝关节重度病理性屈曲挛缩畸形

Application of internal and external lysis combined with Ilizarov external fixation technology for severe knee pathological flexion contracture deformity in children

目的探讨膝关节内外松解术结合Ilizarov外固定术治疗儿童膝关节重度病理性屈曲挛缩畸形的疗效。方法回顾分析2012年8月-2017年1月采用膝关节内外松解术结合Ilizarov外固定术治疗的12例(12膝)儿童膝关节重度病理性屈曲挛缩畸形。男9例,女3例;年龄3~12岁,平均8.4岁。膝关节结核8例,甲型血友病3例,下肢广泛血管瘤药物注射治疗后残留畸形1例。病程5个月~4年,平均20.3个月。术前膝关节挛缩程度(67.42±23.30)°,膝关节活动度(38.33±14.98)°,美国西部Ontario与McMaster大学骨关节炎指数评分(WOMAC)为(78.42±15.57)分。术后观察患儿并发症发生情况;记录术后3个月及1年时膝关节挛缩程度、活动度和WOMAC评分,并与术前比较。结果手术均顺利完成。12例患儿均获随访,随访时间9~24个月,平均14.5个月。术后切口均Ⅰ期愈合。所有患儿膝关节功能明显改善,恢复下肢负重行走功能。术后3个月和1年时患儿膝关节挛缩程度、活动度及WOMAC评分均较术前显著改善(P<0.05);术后3个月和1年间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论膝关节内外松解术结合Ilizarov外固定术治疗儿童膝关节重度病理性屈曲挛缩畸形创伤小,术后早期即可开始膝关节功能锻炼、恢复快,治疗效果满意。

Objective To investigate the effectiveness of internal and external lysis combined with Ilizarov external fixation technology for severe knee pathological flexion contracture deformity in children. Methods A retrospective analysis was made on 12 children(12 knees) with severe knee pathological flexion contracture deformity who were treated with internal and external lysis and Ilizarov external fixation between August 2012 and January 2017.There were 9 boys and 3 girls with an age of 3-12 years(mean, 8.4 years). There were 8 cases of tuberculosis, 3 cases of haemophilia A, and 1 case of residual deformity after extensive hemangioma drug injection. The disease duration ranged from 5 months to 4 years, with an average of 20.3 months. The degree of knee contracture was(67.42±23.30)°, and the range of motion of knee was(38.33±14.98)°. The preoperative Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index(WOMAC) score was 78.42±15.57. The complication was observed after operation, and the degree of knee contracture, range of motion, and WOMAC score at 3 months and 1 year after operation were recorded and compared with those before operation. Results The operations completed successfully in all children. All the 12 cases were followed up 9-24 months(mean, 14.5 months). All incisions healed by first intention after operation. The knee function of all children improved significantly and the weight-bearing walking function of the lower limbs restored. The degree of knee contracture, range of motion, and WOMAC score were significantly improved at 3 months and 1 year after operation(P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between 3 months and 1 year after operation(P>0.05). Conclusion For severe knee pathological flexion contracture deformity in children, application of internal and external lysis combined with Ilizarov external fixation has advantages, such as small trauma, rapid recovery, and early postoperative knee function training, and good effectiveness.