冠状病毒入胞途径的研究进展

Research Progress on the Entry Pathway of Coronavirus

冠状病毒家族成员众多,主要感染哺乳动物和禽鸟类,给人类和动物的健康带来了极大危害。病毒对细胞表面受体的结合和内吞方式,决定病毒的宿主范围、组织嗜性和发病机理;此外,研究病毒的入胞途径不仅有助于我们认识病毒的生活周期,还对病毒性感染的预防和治疗具有重要意义。本文总结归纳了近十年来冠状病毒入胞途径的研究进展:多数冠状病毒可通过网格蛋白依赖型内吞、小窝蛋白依赖型内吞、巨胞饮以及网格蛋白/小窝蛋白非依赖型内吞途径进入细胞,到达早期内体、晚期内体或溶酶体等处发生膜融合,释放病毒基因组进入细胞质。病毒的内吞途径可作为广谱抗病毒药物设计的靶点。

Coronavirus infects a number of mammalian and avian,causing great harm to the health of human and animal. Specific binding of the virus to the cell surface receptors and entry pathways determines the host range,tissue tropism and pathogenicity. In this article,we review and summarize the receptors and entry pathways employed by coronavirus. Most coronaviruses enter cells via clathrin-dependent endocytosis, caveolindependent endocytosis,pinocytosis,or clathrin/caveolin-independent endocytosis,reach early endosome,late endosome,or lysosome,finally fuse with membrane and release viral genome to cytoplasm. These entry pathways are the common target of anti-viral design.