2017年四川省居民健康素养水平分析

The Health Literacy Level Among Residents of Sichuan Province in 2017

目的了解2017年四川省居民的健康素养水平的基本状况及其影响因素,为各级相关政府部门制定提升居民健康素养水平的相关政策提供理论依据。方法四川省14个监测点采用多阶段分层随机抽样的方法进行入户调查,共调查15~69周岁2 805人,对居民健康素养水平的影响因素分析采用卡方检验,对健康素养具备率随文化程度的变化做趋势性卡方检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果四川省居民具备健康素养的总体具备率为14.5%,健康素养3方面的比例分别为基本知识和理念26.4%、健康生活方式与行为13.3%、健康技能16.2%,具备六类健康问题的素养比例为:科学健康观44.0%、传染病预防15.0%、慢性病预防16.6%、安全与急救46.4%、基本医疗17.9%和健康信息20.6%。居民具备健康素养的比例随文化程度的提高而升高(初中及以下居民健康素养具备率仅12.8%,硕士及以上居民健康素养具备率则达到57.2%,Mantel-Haenszel卡方检验χ~2=56.498,P<0.05)。结论四川省居民的健康素养水平较低,但较2016年有所升高,需要持续开展居民健康素养监测,并开展有针对性的健康素养干预措施。

Objective To understand the basic status and influencing factors of health literacy level in Sichuan Province in 2017 so as to provide theoretical basis for relevant departments of government at all levels to formulate policies to improve residents’ health literacy level. Methods By using a multistage stratified random cluster sampling method, we investigated 2 805 chosen residents aged 15-69 years old from 14 surveillance sites in Sichuan province through questionnaires. Chi-square tests were used to analyze the influencing factors of residents’ health literacy level. A Chi-square test for trend was used to test whether the health literacy rate varies with educational level,and P<0.05 was considered to have a linear trend. Results The overall level of health literacy of residents was 14.5%. In terms of the three health-literacy related aspects,the awareness rates of basic health concept and knowledge,health lifestyle and behaviors,and health related skills were 26.4%,13.3% and 16.2%, respectively. The awareness rates of knowledge towards six kinds of health problems in residents were as follows: scientific health concept(44.0%), infectious disease prevention(15.0%), chronic disease prevention(16.6%), safety and first aid(46.4%), basic medical care(17.9%), and health information(20.6%). The higher educational level of residents,the higher rates of health literacy. The health literacy rate of residents in junior high school or below was only 12.8%,whereas the health literacy rate of residents with master’s degree or above is 57.2%. Conclusion The basic health literacy of Sichuan provincial residents was low, but it’s higher than that in 2016. It is necessary to keep health literacy monitoring and make comprehensive intervention to improve health literacy of residents.